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Grammatically Correct: The writer's essential guide to punctuation ...

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Brackets []<br />

People often interchange the words brackets and parentheses, but,<br />

aside from some minor overlaps, these <strong>punctuation</strong> marks have quite<br />

distinct uses.<br />

Brackets have two primary functions:<br />

• Identifying changes <strong>to</strong> quoted material<br />

• Enclosing digressions within parentheses<br />

IDENTIFYING CHANGES TO QUOTED MATERIAL<br />

If you changed any of the text in a quoted passage and did not<br />

indicate that you had done so, you would be guilty of misquoting.<br />

You may, however, make minor changes provided you clearly attribute<br />

them <strong>to</strong> yourself. <strong>The</strong> convention for identifying which words<br />

are your own is <strong>to</strong> enclose them in square brackets. Some writers use<br />

parentheses instead, which may be problematic because parentheses<br />

serve other purposes. That is, if the original material contains any<br />

parentheses of its own, readers would have a hard time distinguishing<br />

the original author's digressions from your insertions. Brackets, in<br />

contrast, are unambiguous.<br />

Brackets may be applied <strong>to</strong> quotes derived from oral sources,<br />

such as interviews or press conferences, as well as from printed<br />

sources. <strong>The</strong>y are actually more likely <strong>to</strong> be necessary in the former<br />

case, because speakers tend <strong>to</strong> choose their words more casually<br />

than writers, leading <strong>to</strong> a more frequent need for clarification.<br />

<strong>The</strong>re is no specific length limit on the text you put in brackets,<br />

but it should usually be quite brief; it is, after all, an interruption<br />

of someone else's words. If you want <strong>to</strong> make a lengthy clarification<br />

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