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Grammatically Correct: The writer's essential guide to punctuation ...

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GRAMMATICALLY CORRECT<br />

necessary only if a word is likely <strong>to</strong> be unfamiliar.<br />

Note: Never italicize foreign proper nouns-names of people or<br />

places.<br />

SETTING OFF SPECIAL TEXT<br />

Italic type is used <strong>to</strong> set off a variety of special words. <strong>The</strong> full range<br />

is <strong>to</strong>o numerous <strong>to</strong> cover; this section reviews only the more common<br />

applications. Specialized areas such as scientific, mathematical and<br />

legal writing will all have their own particular designations.<br />

TERMINOLOGY<br />

In formal writing, a new term is often set off on its first appearance<br />

in some typographically distinct way. <strong>The</strong> usual strategies are <strong>to</strong><br />

either enclose it in quotation marks (see page 1 77) or <strong>to</strong> put it in<br />

italic or boldface type. Other, less common options are underlining<br />

or using color.<br />

Capital goods are industrial products that are long-lived and expensive,<br />

such as heavy machinery and vehicles; expense items are industrial<br />

products that are cheaper and quickly consumed, such as office supplies<br />

and paper products.<br />

After its first occurrence, the term should appear in regular type.<br />

TITLES<br />

It is usual <strong>to</strong> italicize the names of ships and space vehicles, and<br />

the titles of books, newspapers, magazines, films, plays, operas,<br />

and record albums or CDs. For titles of short s<strong>to</strong>ries, poems, book<br />

chapters, magazine or journal articles and songs, it is more common<br />

<strong>to</strong> use quotation marks instead. Note, though, that these are conventions,<br />

not absolutes. It is acceptable <strong>to</strong> use either italics or quotation<br />

marks for any of the above, or you may sometimes choose <strong>to</strong> present<br />

a title, such as the name of a newspaper or journal, without setting<br />

it off in any special way other than initial capital letters.<br />

Style <strong>guide</strong>s differ as <strong>to</strong> how titles should be presented in bibliographies.<br />

For example, one <strong>guide</strong> may specify that you must italicize<br />

titles of books and journals, but not the titles of articles within<br />

journals; a second, <strong>to</strong> italicize everything; a third, <strong>to</strong> not italicize at<br />

282

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