Grammatically Correct: The writer's essential guide to punctuation ...

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PUNCTUATION intentions, but on its own this sentence is not communicating them. RECOMMENDATION: CONSIDER USING THE SEMICOLON TO UNITE TWO SEPARATE SENTENCES Two independent clauses that are closely related in meaning don't have to be either linked with a conjunction or separated by a semicolon: A third alternative is to have each stand alone as a separate sentence. Often this will be appropriate and effective. However, if the clauses are essentially two halves of a whole-that is, they are not merely on the same topic, but the second one completes the first-then separating them to this degree may obscure or downplay their relationship. If your goal is to help the reader pick up on their connection, you may better achieve this by running them together in one sentence, either by adding an appropriate conjunction or by using a semicolon. The semicolon may be the more appropriate choice in cases where the relationship can't be neatly captured in just one word, and where the reader should be able to infer it in any case. In some cases, sentences can be run together with no change: The early bird gets the worm. The early worm gets eaten. The early bird gets the worm; the early worm gets eaten. Only Cora showed up to help with the move. The others all found excuses to stay away. Only Cora showed up to help with the move; the others all found excuses to stay away. His old apartment had been dark, cramped and dirty. His new one was worse. His old apartment had been dark, cramped and dirty; his new one was worse. Aside from helping to elucidate relationships, combining sentences this way often makes writing smoother, turning a series of short, choppy sentences into text that flows. A caution about using the semicolon as an alternative to conjunctions or periods: Don't overdo it. It's a strong punctuation mark, and sprinkling it too liberally throughout a document will cause it to 95
GRAMMATICALLY CORRECT lose its impact. Even if you can justify each individual use, having semicolons show up in sentence after sentence becomes tedious. Don't make the mistake of trying to make your content look more important by peppering it with fancy punctuation. STYLE CONVENTIONS 96 • You may leave either one or two spaces after a semicolon. Just be consistent. • When a semicolon follows quoted text, place it after the closing quotation mark. (See page 182.) • When a semicolon immediately follows italicized text, italicize it as well.
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The WRITER'S ESSENTIAL GUIDE to pun
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C R E D T S American Psychological
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The En Dash 162 2-Em and 3-Em Dashe
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Readers may wish to know when to sa
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P A R T 0 N E Spelling In this age
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Misspellings COMMONLY :MISPELLED WO
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SPELLING Haemorrhage and manoeuvre
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SPELLING may spell these words the
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SPELLING Did you spot the errors in
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The car comes with duel airbags. Th
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SPELLING it doesn't, the ending wil
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SPELLING Philbert knew he would hav
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SPELLING effect these might have on
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SPELLING EIAE, OE For words origina
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SPELLING alternate spellings is the
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Hyphenation I worked with [William
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a dead on guess/a dead pan manner d
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SPELLING If one part of a compound
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SPELLING tively) unique constructio
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SPELLING With a fraction that inclu
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Frequently Misused Words Homonyms (
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PROBLEM WORDS common usages for eac
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PROBLEM WORDS Parents are assured t
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PROBLEM WORDS things that make a re
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PROBLEM WORDS fairness, some words
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ight of way passerby rights of way
Page 54 and 55: SOME WORDS OF ITALIAN ORIGIN THAT E
Page 56 and 57: PROBLEM WORDS HEBREW WORDS ADD IM (
Page 58 and 59: COUNTER- DE- DIS- DYS- E- Opposite
Page 60 and 61: PROBLEM WORDS construction (uncommu
Page 62 and 63: P A R T T H R E E Punctuation The w
Page 64 and 65: Basic Sentence Structure In order t
Page 66 and 67: The storekeeper/looked at the money
Page 68 and 69: SENTENCE FRAGl\1ENT PUNCTUATION A s
Page 70 and 71: PUNCTUATION The commas in the follo
Page 72 and 73: In Part II of the exam, answer ques
Page 74 and 75: PUNCTUATION Exception If both the i
Page 76 and 77: PUNCTUATION If no comma appeared af
Page 78 and 79: PUNCTUATION She waited impatiently
Page 80 and 81: PUNCTUATION SETTING OFF PARENTHETIC
Page 82 and 83: PUNCTUATION Exception If a parenthe
Page 84 and 85: PUNCTUATION Zelda apparently has on
Page 86 and 87: For example, compare the following
Page 88 and 89: PUNCTUATION Ensure that the power s
Page 90 and 91: PUNCTUATION The panel consisted of
Page 92 and 93: She wore a pale green dress. [pale
Page 94 and 95: PUNCTUATION Do not set a quoted ele
Page 96 and 97: Semicolon (;) It was her prose that
Page 98 and 99: PUNCTUATION Put semicolons between
Page 100 and 101: PUNCTUATION USE SEMICOLONS IF COMMA
Page 102 and 103: PUNCTUATION this disk; and the revi
Page 106 and 107: Colon(:) The colon acts as a signal
Page 108 and 109: PUNCTUATION Only one thing would sa
Page 110 and 111: PUNCTUATION reconcile the last sent
Page 112 and 113: PUNCTUATION Aside from the impact o
Page 114 and 115: PUNCTUATION • With regard to capi
Page 116 and 117: DON)T INCLUDE A PERIOD FORA GRAMMAT
Page 118 and 119: PUNCTUATION If you are not obliged
Page 120 and 121: PUNCTUATION GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES Opti
Page 122 and 123: Here are the topics that will be co
Page 124 and 125: PUNCTUATION Of course St John River
Page 126 and 127: PUNCTUATION Muriel said, "Once I wa
Page 128 and 129: INDICATING UNCERTAINTY PUNCTUATION
Page 130 and 131: 'Are you guilty?' said Winston. PUN
Page 132 and 133: DRAWING ATTENTION TO A POINT PUNCTU
Page 134 and 135: Hyphen(-) This section looks at the
Page 136 and 137: No a-do i-vy i-dea tax-i a-bout e-n
Page 138 and 139: Consider the following sets of word
Page 140 and 141: PUNCTUATION This sentence is fine i
Page 142 and 143: PUNCTUATION DO NOT USE A HYPHEN WHE
Page 144 and 145: The salesman was fast-talking. The
Page 146 and 147: PUNCTUATION 'So he is, to be sure,'
Page 148 and 149: Slash(/) The slash (also known as t
Page 150 and 151: PUNCTUATION The tent offers suitabl
Page 152 and 153: PUNCTUATION Dalgliesh said: " 'Now
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• Working in digressions • Maki
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PUNCTUATION if you ask me, but that
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PUNCTUATION BETTER: A validity coef
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PUNCTUATION • It is permissible t
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Dashes Dashes come in several sizes
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PUNCTUATION Several of the neighbor
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PUNCTUATION but I am sure that you
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And when I found the door was shut,
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"How was I supposed to-" she sputte
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PUNCTUATION the discussions of the
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PUNCTUATION a quote. Another use is
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PUNCTUATION or editorial comment, i
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PUNCTUATION words italics mine, ita
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PUNCTUATION By Mrs Hurst and Miss B
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"Aces drawn after a deuce are high?
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PUNCTUATION 'Oh, but I think,' said
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PUNCTUATION it would look as if the
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it in quotation marks to alert the
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PUNCTUATION 6s and the closing ones
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PUNCTUATION Perhaps it would be bet
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ORIGINAL QuoTATION: Dear Theo, PUNC
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PUNCTUATION 'No, dear. Not Homer, t
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PUNCTUATION came to his room, inser
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Apostrophe(') The apostrophe often
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PUNCTUATION In other cases, the con
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the people's choice the alumni's lo
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Achilles' heel Euripides' plays Gra
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\ PUNCTUATION of the term itself. W
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P A R T F 0 U R Grammar The very me
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Agreement Between Subject and Verb
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Problem Category 1: The Subject, th
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GRAMMAR but that would slightly alt
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Pat, like the others, was determine
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DISTRACTING PREDICATE NOUNS GRAMMAR
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the components are included my cous
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Headquarters~ waiting for an answer
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GRAMMAR A generation ago, no one in
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GRAMMAR realize that there is more
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GRAMMAR that constitute a multimedi
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Achieving Parallel Structure The ve
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GRAMMAR The bankruptcy proceedings
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GRAMMAR It may be necessary to eith
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GRAMMAR action will follow; for exa
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GRAMMAR Rebecca seizing life with h
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GRAMMAR Dangling modifiers occur wh
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GRAMMAR The suspect's condition was
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The following sentences contain squ
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GRAMMAR that represents the entity
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GRAMMAR should be obvious that you
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GRAMMAR 4. Old King Cole was a merr
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GRAMMAR WHEN DO YOU USE WHO AND WHE
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GRAMMAR of spider; hence, it is not
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GRAMMAR • Its is the possessive o
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GRAMMAR Although the termjree-jorma
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AGREEMENT BETWEEN PRONOUN AND ANTEC
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GRAMMAR • Collective nouns are th
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GRAMMAR person plural. Many readers
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Bugbears and Betes Noires: Some Gra
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GRAMMAR Virtually every modern styl
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GRAMMAR Overdoing this type of sent
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P A R Y F I V E Style A sentence or
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Ann's Conscience, which up till thi
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STYLE • Question marks and exclam
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STYLE In some cases, if a person or
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STYLE with a consonant sound, prece
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ALLCAPSANDSMALLCAPS STYLE If your w
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Italics Italic type serves to make
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Come the crucial seventh, the Filmm
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use, to take them down into the mar
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STYLE all. If you are expected to u
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STYLE woman with a pretty figure ..
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STYLE PASSIVE: The letter received
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STYLE car is traded in every jour y
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STYLE not unintentionally distract
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STYLE BETIER: The following are sug
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STYLE Would any writer describe a p
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STYLE Many modern readers would not
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STYLE The clinician can play an imp
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STYLE Obviously you cannot use this
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Writing With Finesse BEN . ... But
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STYLE ensure randorrmess), and calc
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inwardleaning heads, smoking steadi
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STYLE behind altering them can be d
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STYLE of these types of help while
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STYLE First paragraph: Introductory
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STYLE all situations. Therefore, re
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STYLE tation. Although it is prefer
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STYLE the accent phonetically at al
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During my first tournament, my moth
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STYLE jump out at you: illogical co
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sentence with, 262-263; subordinati
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ending in y, 43-44, 197, 199-200; o
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