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Grammatically Correct: The writer's essential guide to punctuation ...

Grammatically Correct: The writer's essential guide to punctuation ...

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PUNCTUATION<br />

intentions, but on its own this sentence is not communicating<br />

them.<br />

RECOMMENDATION: CONSIDER USING THE SEMICOLON TO<br />

UNITE TWO SEPARATE SENTENCES<br />

Two independent clauses that are closely related in meaning don't<br />

have <strong>to</strong> be either linked with a conjunction or separated by a semicolon:<br />

A third alternative is <strong>to</strong> have each stand alone as a separate<br />

sentence. Often this will be appropriate and effective. However, if<br />

the clauses are <strong>essential</strong>ly two halves of a whole-that is, they are<br />

not merely on the same <strong>to</strong>pic, but the second one completes the<br />

first-then separating them <strong>to</strong> this degree may obscure or downplay<br />

their relationship. If your goal is <strong>to</strong> help the reader pick up on their<br />

connection, you may better achieve this by running them <strong>to</strong>gether<br />

in one sentence, either by adding an appropriate conjunction or by<br />

using a semicolon. <strong>The</strong> semicolon may be the more appropriate<br />

choice in cases where the relationship can't be neatly captured in<br />

just one word, and where the reader should be able <strong>to</strong> infer it in<br />

any case.<br />

In some cases, sentences can be run <strong>to</strong>gether with no change:<br />

<strong>The</strong> early bird gets the worm. <strong>The</strong> early worm gets eaten.<br />

<strong>The</strong> early bird gets the worm; the early worm gets eaten.<br />

Only Cora showed up <strong>to</strong> help with the move. <strong>The</strong> others all found excuses<br />

<strong>to</strong> stay away.<br />

Only Cora showed up <strong>to</strong> help with the move; the others all found excuses<br />

<strong>to</strong> stay away.<br />

His old apartment had been dark, cramped and dirty. His new one was<br />

worse.<br />

His old apartment had been dark, cramped and dirty; his new one was<br />

worse.<br />

Aside from helping <strong>to</strong> elucidate relationships, combining sentences<br />

this way often makes writing smoother, turning a series of short,<br />

choppy sentences in<strong>to</strong> text that flows.<br />

A caution about using the semicolon as an alternative <strong>to</strong> conjunctions<br />

or periods: Don't overdo it. It's a strong <strong>punctuation</strong> mark, and<br />

sprinkling it <strong>to</strong>o liberally throughout a document will cause it <strong>to</strong><br />

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