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Grammatically Correct: The writer's essential guide to punctuation ...

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GRAMMATICALLY CORRECT<br />

USE COMMAS TO SET OFF WORDS OR EXPRESSIONS<br />

THAT ARE "INTERRUPTERS"<br />

A sentence may contain some words that interrupt its flow but don't<br />

interfere with its meaning.<br />

Some may be asides; that is, text that is included simply for<br />

emphasis or effect, or as additional commentary.<br />

<strong>The</strong> meeting was, <strong>to</strong> say the least, a <strong>to</strong>tal fiasco.<br />

<strong>The</strong> committee is, generally speaking, reluctant <strong>to</strong> rock the boat.<br />

<strong>The</strong> rest, as they say, is his<strong>to</strong>ry.<br />

<strong>The</strong> contract fell through, by the way.<br />

Ernie's first book of poetry wasn't a resounding success either, remember.<br />

Needless <strong>to</strong> say, my friend Cassandra's predictions always materialized.<br />

Some may serve <strong>to</strong> tie in a point with a preceding sentence.<br />

Her resignation, therefore, is inevitable.<br />

In fact, the profits for the second quarter were up slightly.<br />

However, all was not lost.<br />

<strong>The</strong> more expensive printer, on the other hand, would cost less <strong>to</strong><br />

maintain.<br />

Some may contain information that is necessary <strong>to</strong> the overall<br />

point, but is parenthetical in the sense that you could take it out<br />

without changing the meaning of what is left.<br />

Her lecture on moose calls, he was happy <strong>to</strong> report, went very well.<br />

His s<strong>to</strong>ry of being abducted by giant lizards, when I s<strong>to</strong>pped <strong>to</strong> think about<br />

it, made little sense.<br />

<strong>The</strong> food she had just eaten as a mid-morning snack, he pointed out, had<br />

been intended <strong>to</strong> last the week.<br />

In all the above cases, if the parenthetical element were removed,<br />

the sentence would be <strong>essential</strong>ly unchanged: <strong>The</strong> meeting was a<br />

<strong>to</strong>tal fiasco; Her resignation is inevitable; His s<strong>to</strong>ry of being<br />

abducted by giant lizards made little sense.<br />

Caution: When parenthetical text comes in the middle of a clause,<br />

be sure not <strong>to</strong> neglect the closing comma. It is a common error <strong>to</strong><br />

write sentences such as <strong>The</strong> meeting was, <strong>to</strong> say the least a <strong>to</strong>tal<br />

fiasco or Her resignation, therefore is inevitable.<br />

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