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The Dependence-Independence
Continuum
Maturity
Social and economic circumstances
Cultural background
The Dependence-Independence
Continuum
Therefore to say someone in
independent with eating and drinking
tells us very little because firstly we
need to know what their values and
beliefs are. e.g. Do they eat meat. Is
their culture to eat alone or in groups
etc. Do they believe that one must wash
everyday?
Needs Planning: Setting Goals
“Even the longest journey must start
where you stand – the journey of a
thousand miles begins with one step”.
SMART
A number of milestones with small goals
along the way.
PRODUCT
Patient centred: is the goal tailored to the patients
needs?
Recordable: can you document the progress?
Observable and measurable: can you evaluate the
progress?
Directive: who, what and how?
Understandable and clear: is it written in a simple
way?
Credible: can it be realistically achieved?
Time related: when is the goal meant to be achieved?
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Appendices
Biologically determined or Socially
and Culturally determined?
Biological e.g. Ability to breathe. is
determined by genetics e.g. Asthma or
Can be affected by the environment
influence e.g. Pollution
Socially or culturally e.g. Values and
beliefs – what you eat and drink.
Needs Planning: Setting Goals
Goals should be short, directive
statements as to the outcome of the
nursing care.
Can be short or long term
Should be measureable.
Short term to Long term goals
Implementing
The nursing planning is carried out. This
can be nurse independent, dependent
or collaborative.
It promotes self-care.
The health care professional must be
competent to perform the stated
intervention.
It is individualized.