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Chapter 3 Research Framework
Onwuegbuzie (2004) as the class of research where the researcher mixes or
combines quantitative and qualitative research techniques, methods, approaches,
concepts or language into a single study. Johnson and Onwuegbuzie (2004)
explained that the mixed methods logic of inquiry includes the use of induction,
deduction and abduction. It focuses on the practical outcomes and “what works”.
The key issues in mixed-methods research include the order (in what order do the
methods get used?), timing (at what point are the methods changed or combined?),
proportion and priority (which methods are seen as dominant?), comparison and
contrast (are the methods similar or different?) and use and benefit (for what purpose
are the alternative approaches combined?) (Creswell, 2003). Mixed methods can
produce comprehensive research findings and require the researcher to have a broad
range of skills and knowledge for data collection and analysis that will use both
qualitative and quantitative approaches.
Johnson and Onwuegbuzie (2004) stated that the goal of mixed-methods research is
not to replace either qualitative or quantitative approaches but rather to draw on the
strengths and minimise the weaknesses of both.
3.4.1.5 Action Research
According to Greenwood and Levin (1998), there are many different types of action
research. Generally speaking, action research (AR) is social research carried out by a
team encompassing an action researcher and members of an organisation or
community (stakeholders) seeking to improve their situation. It promotes broad
participation in the research process and supports action for problem solving.
Together the researcher and the stakeholders define the problems to be examined,
cogenerate relevant knowledge about them, learn and execute social research
techniques, take actions and interpret the results of actions based on what they have
learned.