Global Report on Human Settlements 2007 - PoA-ISS

CONTENTS
Foreword
Introduction
Acknowledgements
List of Figures, Boxes and Tables
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
Key Findings and Messages
v
vi
viii
xx
xxv
xxvii
PART I
UNDERSTANDING URBAN SAFETY AND SECURITY
Introduction 3
1 Current Threats to Urban Safety and Security 7
Urban Safety and Security: A Human Security Perspective 7
The Urban Context: Geography of Risk and Vulnerability 9
Crime and Violence 11
Tenure Insecurity and Forced Eviction 15
Natural and Human-Made Disasters 17
The Challenge of Improving Understanding: Perception, Evidence and Methodology 19
The role of perception 19
The role of evidence 20
Methodologies and public understanding 21
Concluding Remarks 21
Notes 22
2 Vulnerability, Risk and Resilience: Towards a Conceptual Framework 23
Vulnerability and Related Concepts 23
Risk Factors at Different Levels of Analysis 26
<strong>Global</strong> forces 26
The global economy 26
The global environment 27
<strong>Global</strong> uncertainty and weakening of national institutions 28
National level 29
Influence of national macro-economic factors 30
The urban level 31
Urban spatial processes 33
Metropolitan and municipal institutional capacity 33
The neighbourhood or community level 34
Household and individual levels 34
Forms of Interdependence 35
Pathways to Resilience 35
Institutions and policy 35
Juridical framework of international law 36
Civil society and culture 37
Lessons learned on the pathways to resilience 38
Concluding Remarks: The Role of Urban Policy, Planning, Design and Governance in Enhancing
Urban Safety and Security 39
Notes 40