Global Report on Human Settlements 2007 - PoA-ISS

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340 Enhancing Urban Safety and Security TABLE A.2 continued Fewer than 500 000 … … … 71.10 72.61 72.42 89,219 101,576 107,620 Latin America and the Caribbean 10 million or more 2 4 4 10.02 14.67 13.36 27,504 57,816 68,268 5 to 10 million 3 3 4 8.80 4.85 5.77 24,135 19,101 29,502 1 to 5 million 26 44 63 18.16 21.68 25.87 49,827 85,475 132,169 500 000 to 1 million 34 51 57 8.62 8.96 8.03 23,648 35,339 41,014 Fewer than 500 000 … … … 54.40 49.84 46.97 149,240 196,481 240,000 Caribbean 10 million or more — — — — — — — — — 5 to 10 million — — — — — — — — — 1 to 5 million 3 4 4 27.83 34.48 35.89 4,782 8,024 10,175 500 000 to 1 million 2 1 3 8.30 2.49 6.77 1,427 579 1,918 Fewer than 500 000 … … … 63.86 63.04 57.34 10,971 14,670 16,257 Central America 10 million or more 1 1 1 22.01 19.32 17.65 14,109 18,066 21,568 5 to 10 million — — — — — — — — — 1 to 5 million 3 12 21 9.80 20.95 29.49 6,283 19,592 36,033 500 000 to 1 million 13 21 24 13.66 15.39 14.36 8,759 14,393 17,548 Fewer than 500 000 … … … 54.53 44.35 38.50 34,960 41,477 47,047 South America 10 million or more 1 3 3 6.94 14.33 12.96 13,395 39,749 46,700 5 to 10 million 3 3 4 12.50 6.89 8.19 24,135 19,101 29,502 1 to 5 million 20 28 38 20.08 20.86 23.85 38,763 57,859 85,960 500 000 to 1 million 19 29 30 6.97 7.34 5.98 13,463 20,367 21,548 Fewer than 500 000 … … … 53.51 50.59 49.03 103,309 140,334 176,696 Northern America 10 million or more 2 2 2 12.95 11.90 10.95 26,008 29,659 32,970 5 to 10 million 1 2 5 3.63 5.41 10.72 7,285 13,494 32,273 1 to 5 million 31 37 44 31.94 34.32 32.12 64,163 85,531 96,731 500 000 to 1 million 31 39 42 10.54 11.01 9.71 21,185 27,443 29,239 Fewer than 500 000 … … … 40.95 37.36 36.51 82,258 93,115 109,949 Oceania 10 million or more — — — — — — — — — 5 to 10 million — — — — — — — — — 1 to 5 million 4 6 6 49.26 58.10 55.42 8,583 12,672 14,678 500 000 to 1 million 2 — 2 10.36 — 4.30 1,805 — 1,139 Fewer than 500 000 … … … 40.38 41.91 40.29 7,035 9,142 10,670 Australia/New Zealand 10 million or more — — — — — — — — — 5 to 10 million — — — — — — — — — 1 to 5 million 4 6 6 53.28 63.70 61.76 8,583 12,672 14,678 500 000 to 1 million 2 — 2 11.21 — 4.79 1,805 — 1,139 Fewer than 500 000 … … … 35.51 36.30 33.45 5,720 7,223 7,950 Melanesia 10 million or more — — — — — — — — — 5 to 10 million — — — — — — — — — 1 to 5 million — — — — — — — — — 500 000 to 1 million — — — — — — — — — Fewer than 500 000 … … … 100.00 100.00 100.00 900 1,332 1,938 Micronesia 10 million or more — — — — — — — — — 5 to 10 million — — — — — — — — — 1 to 5 million — — — — — — — — — 500 000 to 1 million — — — — — — — — — Fewer than 500 000 … … … 100.00 100.00 100.00 217 332 460 Polynesia 10 million or more — — — — — — — — — 5 to 10 million — — — — — — — — — 1 to 5 million — — — — — — — — — 500 000 to 1 million — — — — — — — — — Fewer than 500 000 … … … 100.00 100.00 100.00 198 255 322 Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2006 Number of agglomerations Distribution of urban population Population Estimates and projections by size of agglomerations Estimates and projections (%) (%) (%) (000) (000) (000) Size of urban agglomeration 1985 2000 2015 1985 2000 2015 1985 2000 2015
Data tables 341 TABLE A.3 Shelter Indicators Total number of households Water and sanitation coverage World 1,568,693 2,653,762 192,576 184,059 182,630 175,921 78 83 49 59 49 54 World Major Aggregates More Developed Regions 469,276 601,034 28,355 23,216 19,623 16,936 100 99 100 99 97 97 Less Developed Regions 1,099,417 2,052,728 164,221 160,843 163,007 158,985 71 80 35 50 37 44 Least Developed Countries 121,848 288,339 21,915 24,267 28,942 33,586 52 62 28 39 12 14 Landlocked Developing Countries 65,128 142,717 9,991 11,469 13,492 15,702 56 69 32 47 24 27 Small Island Developing States 12,209 19,694 1,374 1,291 1,227 1,184 84 83 71 70 44 53 United Nations Regional Groups African States 163,509 387,272 32,596 32,827 37,107 42,760 61 71 38 46 24 29 Asian States 833,654 1,458,357 113,795 109,915 107,996 98,854 82 80 61 67 41 46 Eastern European States 133,688 145,841 5,606 1,983 710 -212 94 93 96 88 77 77 Latin American and Caribbean States 128,557 226,806 17,208 16,856 16,514 15,893 84 90 70 79 64 76 Western European and Other States 197,992 264,277 12,625 11,724 10,403 9,360 99 99 98 99 96 99 Human Development Aggregates High Human Development 438,856 602,758 30,996 28,999 25,978 23,774 98 98 96 97 92 92 Medium Human Development 982,469 1,691,491 130,896 124,509 119,645 111,792 78 82 58 66 43 52 Low Human Development 129,199 319,586 28,062 27,787 31,558 36,335 50 61 30 38 13 14 Income Aggregates High Income 364,139 496,742 24,972 23,471 20,943 19,087 100 100 100 100 97 97 Middle Income 785,958 1,314,779 98,271 91,251 88,643 83,619 86 87 76 80 60 70 Upper-middle Income 179,399 261,869 16,221 13,937 13,396 12,297 93 91 86 85 69 82 Low-middle Income 606,560 1,052,909 82,050 77,314 75,247 71,322 80 83 66 74 50 58 Low Income 416,993 839,039 69,093 69,083 72,773 72,922 55 64 28 39 15 19 Geographic Aggregates Africa 163,509 387,272 32,596 32,827 37,107 42,760 61 71 38 46 24 29 Eastern Africa 50,046 121,636 8,711 10,296 12,505 14,913 58 65 36 44 22 21 Middle Africa 19,897 58,675 4,549 5,730 6,930 8,323 40 59 19 33 8 15 Northern Africa 30,060 57,110 4,789 4,680 4,771 4,580 80 85 67 75 50 56 Southern Africa 15,120 25,358 3,235 873 566 633 78 82 42 43 28 39 Western Africa 48,386 124,495 11,311 11,249 12,334 14,312 50 63 24 34 10 14 Asia 854,279 1,493,623 116,256 112,485 110,510 101,175 82 83 59 68 46 53 Eastern Asia 431,691 737,806 57,263 53,201 53,875 48,049 83 86 62 66 57 70 South-central Asia 265,789 480,182 38,296 39,002 36,686 34,181 74 76 42 56 31 29 South-eastern Asia 119,989 201,746 15,345 14,526 13,453 12,095 82 77 57 64 29 36 Western Asia 36,809 73,889 5,352 5,756 6,496 6,849 87 91 76 84 69 78 Europe 289,818 340,219 13,533 8,836 6,404 4,640 99 99 99 96 95 92 Eastern Europe 119,901 130,818 5,179 1,730 616 -266 98 93 96 91 87 80 Northern Europe 39,990 54,891 2,692 2,615 2,407 2,332 99 99 99 95 94 95 Southern Europe 51,855 61,276 2,150 1,639 1,162 833 98 98 97 96 89 88 Western Europe 78,053 93,211 3,511 2,850 2,218 1,742 100 100 100 100 100 100 Latin America 128,557 226,806 17,208 16,856 16,514 15,893 84 90 70 79 64 76 Caribbean 10,216 15,543 1,041 942 872 785 92 92 86 88 67 74 Central America 30,456 55,358 4,199 4,372 4,366 4,132 79 90 56 69 61 78 South America 87,847 155,838 11,962 11,537 11,272 10,972 81 89 69 79 63 77 Northern America 122,085 188,393 11,849 11,894 10,903 10,249 100 100 100 100 100 97 Oceania 10,445 17,448 1,135 1,161 1,192 1,203 83 84 76 79 49 56 Australia/New Zealand 8,769 14,325 929 939 941 920 100 100 100 100 … … Melanesia 1,447 2,774 184 198 228 266 50 54 56 50 20 21 Micronesia 106 162 10 13 11 7 85 88 63 70 25 36 Polynesia 123 187 12 11 11 10 96 95 86 95 50 66 Source: UN-Habitat, 2006. Figures in regional, income or development aggregates are calculated on the basis of country/area level data from Tables B.4 and B.5. Note: Lists of countries/areas in aggregates are presented in the Technical Notes. Estimates and 5-year increment Improved Improved Household projections (000) drinking water sanitation connections (000) (%) (%) (%) 2000 2030 2005- 2010- 2015- 2020- 1990 2004 1990 2004 1990 2004 2010 2015 2020 2025
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ENHANCING URBAN SAFETY AND SECURITY
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First published by Earthscan in the
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INTRODUCTION Enhancing Urban Safety
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The preparation of
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x Enhancing Urban Safety and Securi
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xii Enhancing Urban Safety and Secu
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xiv Enhancing Urban Safety and Secu
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xvi Enhancing Urban Safety and Secu
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xviii Enhancing Urban Safety and Se
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LIST OF FIGURES, BOXES AND TABLES F
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xxii Enhancing Urban Safety and Sec
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xxviii Enhancing Urban Safety and S
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xxx Enhancing Urban Safety and Secu
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xxxii Enhancing Urban Safety and Se
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4 Understanding Urban Safety and Se
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1 CHAPTER CURRENT THREATS TO URBAN
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Current threats to urban safety and
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2 CHAPTER VULNERABILITY, RISK AND R
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Vulnerability, risk and resilience:
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29 simply ‘give up’ in the face
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46 Urban crime and violence Box II.
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48 Urban crime and violence it has
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50 Urban crime and violence Formal
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52 Urban crime and violence Contact
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54 Urban crime and violence Per 100
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56 Urban crime and violence Burglar
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58 Urban crime and violence Percent
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60 Urban crime and violence Figure
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62 Urban crime and violence Table 3
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64 Urban crime and violence Youth g
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68 Urban crime and violence Type of
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70 Urban crime and violence From a
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72 Urban crime and violence One vio
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74 Urban crime and violence High ho
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76 Urban crime and violence Abused
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78 Urban crime and violence General
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82 Urban crime and violence porate
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4 CHAPTER URBAN CRIME AND VIOLENCE:
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86 Urban crime and violence UN-Habi
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88 Urban crime and violence Box 4.2
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90 Urban crime and violence Box 4.4
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92 Urban crime and violence Legisla
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94 Urban crime and violence above w
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96 Urban crime and violence Campaig
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98 Urban crime and violence Availab
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100 Urban crime and violence Box 4.
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102 Urban crime and violence In som
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104 Urban crime and violence Initia
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106 Urban crime and violence The mo
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108 Urban crime and violence Vander
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112 Security of tenure Box III.1 Se
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5 CHAPTER SECURITY OF TENURE: CONDI
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116 Security of tenure Table 5.1 A
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118 Security of tenure Fully legal
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120 Security of tenure Box 5.4 Secu
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122 Security of tenure Urban tenure
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124 Security of tenure At least 2 m
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126 Security of tenure Market-based
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128 Security of tenure Box 5.11 Urb
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130 Security of tenure Operation Mu
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132 Security of tenure Control of l
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134 Security of tenure Box 5.18 Sec
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136 Security of tenure NOTES 1 Habi
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138 Security of tenure Box 6.1 The
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140 Security of tenure It would be
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142 Security of tenure Box 6.7 Land
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144 Security of tenure Box 6.10 Wha
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146 Security of tenure Box 6.12 Evi
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148 Security of tenure Box 6.15 Con
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150 Security of tenure Box 6.18 Vio
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152 Security of tenure The
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154 Security of tenure Box 6.24 Lan
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156 Security of tenure The state is
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158 Security of tenure Housing righ
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Over the last three decades, natura
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Introduction 165 One of the key tre
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7 CHAPTER DISASTER RISK: CONDITIONS
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Disaster risk: Conditions, trends a
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8 CHAPTER POLICY RESPONSES TO DISAS
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Policy responses to disaster risk 1
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220 Natural and human-made disaster
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236 Towards safer and more secure c
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11 CHAPTER ENHANCING TENURE SECURIT
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276 Enhancing Urban Safety and Secu
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12 CHAPTER MITIGATING THE IMPACTS O
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Page 338 and 339: 304 Summary of case studies Since i
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Page 364 and 365: 330 Statistical annex Islands, Micr
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Page 368 and 369: 334 Statistical annex Population, u
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410 TABLE C.7 continued Enhancing U
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INDEX ACHR (Asian Coalition for Hou
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Index 435 security of tenure 134 co
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Index 437 domestic abuse see intima
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Index 439 hazard management 169 haz
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Index 441 Kosovo, security of tenur
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Index 443 participation 38, 296-299
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Index 445 individual 34-35 municipa
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Index 447 gun ownership 78 Homeless
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