Global Report on Human Settlements 2007 - PoA-ISS

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436 Enhancing Urban Safety and Security deforestation 185 Delhi (India) Commonwealth Games 158 sustainable transport 226 deliberative processes 297 Democratic Republic of Congo, volcanic eruption 211 democratization, crime rates 46, 71 demographics crime and violence 70 disaster risk 183 density 3, 10 crime incidence 45, 68 deportation 46, 71 developing countries, crime and violence 92–93 development-based displacement 153 development projects, forced evictions 147 Dhaka (Bangladesh), urbanization 184, 186 Diadema, São Paulo 94–95 disability, housing 264 disaster loss, economic growth 174 disaster management 167 disaster recovery 168 disaster-resistant construction 207–208, 238, 287–288 disaster response 167, 168, 213–216 building-back-better agenda 214–215 disaster-response training 294 disaster risk 163, 168 assessment 164, 195–201 building control 187–188 city size 184 climate change 185–186 communication 209, 210–211 debt crisis 189 early warning 165, 210–211 flooding 185 Holistic Vulnerability Index 198 incidence 172 inclusive planning 296 indigenous buildings 288–289 infrastructure 165 international development policy 189 land use planning 165, 205 legislation 203 mapping 205, 285 Natural Hazards Risk Index 174 participatory risk assessments 198–199 perception 201 policy responses 195 poverty 10–11 reduction 169, 204–205, 279 education 297–298 institutional reform 286–287 land-use planning 283–287 legislation 287 private sector 298–299 simulation exercises 319–320 training 289 urban development 282–283 retrofitting 288 urbanization 167, 169–171, 192 urban processes 183–189 see also risk Disaster Risk Index 174 disasters 3–5, 7, 17–19, 163–166, 319–326 contagion effect 179 cultural assets 182 data collection 20, 284 definition 163, 168 Disaster Risk Index 174 evacuation planning 292 financing reconstruction 189 forced evictions 124 groundwater pollution 178 hazard mapping 164, 192, 196–197 hot spots 17, 163 impacts 163, 175–183, 193 cultural 182–183 direct 177–178 economic 178–179 environment 178 household assessments 199 political 179–180 social 179–180 systemic 177–178 industrial accidents 18 information 35 institutional capacity 25 insurance 179, 294, 299 international frameworks 278 microfinance 203, 204 Millennium Development Goals 278–279 mitigation 212, 279, 281 policy 36 political space 181 predictable 18 prevention 212 public information campaigns 291 reconstruction 165, 189 resilience 38, 165, 201–205, 209, 237 response 212 response capacity 165, 211 scale 168–169 security of tenure 133–134 shelter provision 293–294 technological risk 204 terminology 167–168 training 208 vulnerability 9, 25, 167 age 181 disability 181 gender 180–181 infrastructure 165 reduction 281 slums 163, 186–187 see also human-made hazards; individual disasters; natural hazards discrimination 133 Dispute Resolution Foundation (DRF) 247
Index 437 domestic abuse see intimate partner violence Dominican Disaster Mitigation Committee (DDMC) 202 Dominican Republic disaster response 215 security of tenure 150 drainage 16 DRF see Dispute Resolution Foundation driver impairment 228 driver training 227 drought 178, 182, 189, 197 drug cartels 13 drug trafficking 61–62, 77, 257 early warning systems 165, 210–211, 237, 278, 280, 290–292, 323 Earthquake Disaster Risk Index 197 Earthquake Lethality Estimation Method 197 earthquakes 167, 169 community participation 296 disaster impacts 177 disaster response 321–322 disaster risk 202, 205 engineering 208 hazard mapping 196 insurance 321 megacities 208 schools 197 secure tenure 133 ecological features 3 economic development zones 128 economic growth 4 crime and violence 74 disaster effects 179 disaster loss 174, 183 GDP 9 macro-economy 30 Ecuador crime and violence 72 disaster-related education 298 education 21 conflict resolution 104 disaster resilience 210 disaster risk 296, 319 Millennium Development Goals 279 road safety 227 self-reliance 297–298 social capital 248 young offenders 246 Egypt illegal settlements 140 sea-level rise 290 eijdal land 116 elderly disaster impacts 181 heat shock 290 housing 264 e-learning 289 electricity 208 El Salvador, disaster risk reduction 283 emergency preparedness 280 emergency recovery loans (ERLs) 213 emergency services 292 employment 9 terrorist attacks 80 see also unemployment engineering, indigenous buildings 288–289 environment disaster impacts 178 urbanization 184–185 environmental criminology 69 environmental health 167 environmental sustainability, Millennium Development Goals 279 epidemic diseases 10, 167 Equatorial Guinea, forced evictions 125 ERLs see emergency recovery loans ethnic cleansing 144, 270 ethnic identity 13 Europe crime prevention 88 natural disasters 191–192 European Court of Human Rights, security of tenure 151 European Pre-Standard on Urban Planning and Crime Prevention 88 evacuation planning 292, 297 evictions 123–127 compulsory acquisition 126–127 large-scale 127–128 market-based 15, 126 see also forced evictions ex ante actions 23 exclusion 4 explosions 167 ex post actions 23 exposure 198 expropriation 126–127 externalities 9 extra-judicial killings 50 extreme weather events 186 familism 306 famine 38 FAO see United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization fatigue, traffic accidents 228 favelas 76, 77, 187, 268, 311, 312 fearscapes 19 finance disaster risk management 211–213 reconstruction 294 see also World Bank financial markets 27 Finland, housing rights 270 fire 185 flash flooding 185 flooding 3, 167, 169 Africa 189 Americas 190 climate change 28, 186
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ENHANCING URBAN SAFETY AND SECURITY
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First published by Earthscan in the
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INTRODUCTION Enhancing Urban Safety
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The preparation of
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x Enhancing Urban Safety and Securi
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xii Enhancing Urban Safety and Secu
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xviii Enhancing Urban Safety and Se
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LIST OF FIGURES, BOXES AND TABLES F
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xxx Enhancing Urban Safety and Secu
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xxxii Enhancing Urban Safety and Se
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4 Understanding Urban Safety and Se
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1 CHAPTER CURRENT THREATS TO URBAN
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Current threats to urban safety and
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2 CHAPTER VULNERABILITY, RISK AND R
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Vulnerability, risk and resilience:
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29 simply ‘give up’ in the face
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46 Urban crime and violence Box II.
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48 Urban crime and violence it has
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50 Urban crime and violence Formal
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52 Urban crime and violence Contact
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54 Urban crime and violence Per 100
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56 Urban crime and violence Burglar
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58 Urban crime and violence Percent
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60 Urban crime and violence Figure
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62 Urban crime and violence Table 3
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64 Urban crime and violence Youth g
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68 Urban crime and violence Type of
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70 Urban crime and violence From a
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72 Urban crime and violence One vio
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74 Urban crime and violence High ho
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76 Urban crime and violence Abused
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78 Urban crime and violence General
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82 Urban crime and violence porate
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4 CHAPTER URBAN CRIME AND VIOLENCE:
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86 Urban crime and violence UN-Habi
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88 Urban crime and violence Box 4.2
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90 Urban crime and violence Box 4.4
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92 Urban crime and violence Legisla
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94 Urban crime and violence above w
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96 Urban crime and violence Campaig
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98 Urban crime and violence Availab
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100 Urban crime and violence Box 4.
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102 Urban crime and violence In som
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104 Urban crime and violence Initia
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106 Urban crime and violence The mo
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108 Urban crime and violence Vander
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112 Security of tenure Box III.1 Se
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5 CHAPTER SECURITY OF TENURE: CONDI
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116 Security of tenure Table 5.1 A
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118 Security of tenure Fully legal
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120 Security of tenure Box 5.4 Secu
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122 Security of tenure Urban tenure
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124 Security of tenure At least 2 m
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126 Security of tenure Market-based
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128 Security of tenure Box 5.11 Urb
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130 Security of tenure Operation Mu
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132 Security of tenure Control of l
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134 Security of tenure Box 5.18 Sec
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136 Security of tenure NOTES 1 Habi
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138 Security of tenure Box 6.1 The
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140 Security of tenure It would be
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142 Security of tenure Box 6.7 Land
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144 Security of tenure Box 6.10 Wha
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146 Security of tenure Box 6.12 Evi
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148 Security of tenure Box 6.15 Con
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150 Security of tenure Box 6.18 Vio
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152 Security of tenure The
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154 Security of tenure Box 6.24 Lan
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156 Security of tenure The state is
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158 Security of tenure Housing righ
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Over the last three decades, natura
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Introduction 165 One of the key tre
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7 CHAPTER DISASTER RISK: CONDITIONS
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Disaster risk: Conditions, trends a
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8 CHAPTER POLICY RESPONSES TO DISAS
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Policy responses to disaster risk 1
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220 Natural and human-made disaster
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236 Towards safer and more secure c
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11 CHAPTER ENHANCING TENURE SECURIT
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276 Enhancing Urban Safety and Secu
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12 CHAPTER MITIGATING THE IMPACTS O
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304 Summary of case studies Since i
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306 Summary of case studies • The
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308 Summary of case studies tions w
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310 Summary of case studies environ
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312 Summary of case studies others.
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314 Summary of case studies purpose
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316 Summary of case studies These e
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318 Summary of case studies develop
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320 Summary of case studies tion ex
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322 Summary of case studies Housing
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324 Summary of case studies Prolong
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326 Summary of case studies momentu
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330 Statistical annex Islands, Micr
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332 Statistical annex NOMENCLATURE
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334 Statistical annex Population, u
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336 Statistical annex SOURCES OF DA
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