Global Report on Human Settlements 2007 - PoA-ISS

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398 Enhancing Urban Safety and Security TABLE C.4 continued Housing rights Housing Rent Access Household connection **** price to to to (%) Legal Impediments to women ++ income * income ** water *** provisions + x = none o = some (ratio) (ratio) (%) + = considerable A B A B C A B C D Russian Federation Veliky Novgorod Yes Yes x x x 3.4 11.1 100.0 97.0 96.7 100.0 51.1 Serbia and Montenegro Belgrade Yes Yes x x .. 13.5 … 99.0 95.0 86.0 99.6 86.0 Slovenia Ljubljana Yes Yes x x x 7.8 17.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.0 Spain Madrid Yes Yes x x x … … 100.0 … … … … Spain Pamplona Yes Yes x x x … … 100.0 100.0 … 100.0 … Sweden Amal Yes Yes x x x 2.9 … 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 … Sweden Stockholm Yes Yes x x x 6.0 … 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 … Sweden Umea Yes Yes x x x 5.3 … 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 … Switzerland Basel Yes Yes o x x 12.3 19.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.0 United Kingdom Belfast … Yes o x x 3.6 6.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 … United Kingdom Birmingham … Yes x x x 3.4 12.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 … United Kingdom Cardiff … Yes o x x 3.2 13.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 … United Kingdom Edinburgh … Yes o x x 3.5 11.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 … United Kingdom London … Yes o x x 4.7 15.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 … United Kingdom Manchester … Yes o x x 3.0 12.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 … LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN Argentina Buenos Aires Yes No … … … 5.1 … 100.0 100.0 98.1 100.0 70.4 Argentina Comodoro Rivadavia Yes No x x x … … 99.0 98.0 93.0 99.9 … Argentina Córdoba Yes No x x x 6.8 5.4 100.0 98.7 40.1 99.3 80.0 Argentina Rosario Yes No x x x 5.7 … … 97.8 66.8 92.9 75.7 Barbados Bridgetown Yes Yes x x x 4.4 … 100.0 98.0 4.5 99.0 78.0 Belize Belize City Yes No o x o … … … … … … … Bolivia Santa Cruz de la Sierra Yes Yes x x x … … 47.4 52.6 33.3 97.7 59.1 Brazil Belém Yes Yes x x x … … … … … … … Brazil Icapui Yes Yes x x x 4.5 9.6 85.0 88.0 … 90.0 33.0 Brazil Maranguape Yes Yes x x x … … 90.0 73.0 … … … Brazil Porto Alegre Yes Yes x x x … … 99.0 99.0 87.0 100.0 … Brazil Recife Yes Yes x x x 12.5 25.9 97.1 89.3 41.0 99.8 29.1 Brazil Rio de Janeiro Yes Yes x x x … … … 87.7 79.8 10.0 … Brazil São Paulo Yes Yes x x x … 24.3 98.0 98.0 95.0 99.9 78.9 Chile Gran Concepcion Yes No x x x … … 100.0 99.7 90.7 95.0 69.1 Chile Santiago de Chile Yes No x x x … … 100.0 100.0 99.2 99.2 72.8 Chile Tome Yes No x x x … … 78.4 91.7 51.9 98.0 57.6 Chile Valparaiso Yes No x x o … … 98.0 98.0 91.8 97.0 62.5 Chile Vina del mar Yes No x x x … … 97.1 97.1 97.0 98.0 64.9 Colombia Armenia Yes Yes o x x 5.0 … 100.0 90.0 50.0 98.7 97.1 Colombia Marinilla Yes Yes x x x 8.5 … 100.0 97.7 92.8 100.0 65.0 Colombia Medellín Yes Yes x x x … … 99.9 99.9 98.5 99.5 86.9 Cuba Baracoa Yes Yes x x x … … 89.0 83.0 3.0 93.0 32.0 Cuba Camaguey Yes Yes x x x … … 72.0 72.0 47.0 97.0 … Cuba Cienfuegos Yes Yes x x x 4.0 … 100.0 100.0 73.0 100.0 8.7 Cuba Havana Yes Yes x x x 8.5 … 100.0 100.0 85.0 100.0 14.0 Cuba Pinar Del Rio Yes Yes x x x … … … 97.0 48.0 99.6 … Cuba Santa Clara Yes Yes x x x … … 95.0 95.0 42.0 99.7 43.2 Dominican Republic Santiago de los Caballeros Yes Yes x x x … … 80.0 75.0 80.0 … 71.0 Ecuador Ambato Yes Yes x x x … … 85.0 89.5 80.5 90.6 86.8 Ecuador Cuenca Yes Yes o o o 4.6 … 98.0 96.8 92.2 97.0 48.0 Ecuador Guayaquil Yes Yes x x o 3.4 16.1 77.0 70.0 42.0 99.0 44.0 Ecuador Manta Yes Yes o o o … 28.0 70.0 70.0 52.0 98.0 40.0 Ecuador Puyo Yes Yes x x x 2.1 15.8 89.4 80.0 30.0 90.0 60.0 Ecuador Quito Yes Yes x x x 2.4 13.3 89.4 85.0 70.0 96.2 55.3 Ecuador Tena Yes Yes x x o 1.6 … 80.0 80.0 60.0 … … El Salvador San Salvador No No + + + 3.5 37.0 81.5 81.5 79.7 97.7 70.1 Guatemala Quetzaltenango Yes Yes o x o 4.3 … 90.0 60.0 55.0 80.0 40.0 Jamaica Kingston No No … … … … … … 96.6 … 88.1 … Jamaica Montego Bay No No … … … … … 78.0 78.0 … 86.0 … Mexico Ciudad Juarez Yes Yes x x x 1.4 … 92.0 89.2 77.0 96.0 45.0 Nicaragua Leon … … … … … … … … 78.2 … 83.8 20.6 Panama Colon Yes Yes x x o 14.2 24.5 100.0 … … … … Paraguay Asuncion Yes No o x x 10.7 … … 46.2 8.2 86.4 17.0 Peru Cajamarca Yes No x x x 3.9 34.9 86.0 86.0 69.0 81.0 38.0 Peru Huanuco Yes Yes x x x 30.0 24.0 54.0 57.0 28.0 80.0 32.0 Peru Huaras Yes Yes x x + 6.7 … 90.0 … … 71.0 … Peru Iquitos Yes Yes x x o 5.6 … 72.5 72.5 60.3 82.3 62.3 Peru Lima Yes Yes o x x 8.7 … 81.1 75.2 71.5 99.0 … Peru Tacna Yes Yes … … … 4.0 … 87.0 64.6 58.3 73.7 15.8 Peru Tumbes Yes Yes x x x … 29.0 85.0 60.0 35.0 80.0 25.0 Uruguay Montevideo Yes No x x x 5.6 31.1 99.3 97.6 79.1 99.7 75.1 NORTHERN AMERICA Canada Hull Yes Yes x x x … 18.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 United States Atlanta Yes Yes x x x 2.10 29.0 99.8 99.6 100.0 100.0 90.3 United States Birmingham-USA Yes Yes x x x … 24.0 99.8 99.8 100.0 100.0 … United States Boston Yes Yes x x x 2.90 31.0 100.0 99.9 100.0 100.0 … United States Des Moines Yes Yes x x x … … … … … … … United States Hartford Yes Yes x x x 2.50 29.0 99.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 90.0 United States Minneapolis-St. Paul Yes Yes x x x 2.10 28.0 100.0 99.8 100.0 100.0 100.0
Data tables 399 TABLE C.4 continued United States New York Yes Yes x x x 2.70 28.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 96.0 United States Providence Yes Yes x x x 2.50 29.0 100.0 99.9 100.0 100.0 … United States Salt Lake Yes Yes x x x 2.80 27.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.9 … United States San Jose Yes Yes x x x … … 100.0 99.9 100.0 100.0 … United States Seattle Yes Yes x x x 3.00 28.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 92.1 United States Tampa Yes Yes x x x 2.10 30.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 … United States Washington Yes Yes x x x 2.30 26.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.9 … OCEANIA Samoa Apia Yes Yes x x x 10.0 36.0 69.0 60.0 … 98.0 96.0 Source: UN-Habitat (2002), <strong>Global</strong> Urban Indicators Database 2. Notes: + Responses (yes/no) to the questions: (A) Does the Constitution or national law promote the full and progressive realisation of the right to adequate housing? (B) Does it include protections against eviction?. ++ Responses (none/some/considerable) to the questions: (A) Are there impediments to women owning land? (B) Are there impediments to women inheriting land and housing? (C) Are there impediments to women taking mortgages in their own name? * Ratio of the median free-market price of a dwelling unit and the median annual household income. ** Per cent ratio of the median annual rent of a dwelling unit and the median annual household income of renters. *** Percentage of households with access to water within 200 meters. **** Percentage of households residing in housing units that are connected to: (A) Piped water (B) Sewerage (C) Electricity (D) Telephone Housing rights Housing Rent Access Household connection **** price to to to (%) Legal Impediments to women ++ income * income ** water *** provisions + x = none o = some (ratio) (ratio) (%) + = considerable A B A B C A B C D
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ENHANCING URBAN SAFETY AND SECURITY
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First published by Earthscan in the
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INTRODUCTION Enhancing Urban Safety
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The preparation of
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x Enhancing Urban Safety and Securi
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xvi Enhancing Urban Safety and Secu
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xviii Enhancing Urban Safety and Se
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LIST OF FIGURES, BOXES AND TABLES F
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xxx Enhancing Urban Safety and Secu
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xxxii Enhancing Urban Safety and Se
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4 Understanding Urban Safety and Se
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1 CHAPTER CURRENT THREATS TO URBAN
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Current threats to urban safety and
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2 CHAPTER VULNERABILITY, RISK AND R
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Vulnerability, risk and resilience:
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29 simply ‘give up’ in the face
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46 Urban crime and violence Box II.
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48 Urban crime and violence it has
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50 Urban crime and violence Formal
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52 Urban crime and violence Contact
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54 Urban crime and violence Per 100
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56 Urban crime and violence Burglar
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58 Urban crime and violence Percent
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60 Urban crime and violence Figure
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62 Urban crime and violence Table 3
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64 Urban crime and violence Youth g
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68 Urban crime and violence Type of
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70 Urban crime and violence From a
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72 Urban crime and violence One vio
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74 Urban crime and violence High ho
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76 Urban crime and violence Abused
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78 Urban crime and violence General
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82 Urban crime and violence porate
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4 CHAPTER URBAN CRIME AND VIOLENCE:
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86 Urban crime and violence UN-Habi
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88 Urban crime and violence Box 4.2
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90 Urban crime and violence Box 4.4
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92 Urban crime and violence Legisla
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94 Urban crime and violence above w
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96 Urban crime and violence Campaig
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98 Urban crime and violence Availab
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100 Urban crime and violence Box 4.
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102 Urban crime and violence In som
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104 Urban crime and violence Initia
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106 Urban crime and violence The mo
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108 Urban crime and violence Vander
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112 Security of tenure Box III.1 Se
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5 CHAPTER SECURITY OF TENURE: CONDI
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116 Security of tenure Table 5.1 A
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118 Security of tenure Fully legal
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120 Security of tenure Box 5.4 Secu
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122 Security of tenure Urban tenure
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124 Security of tenure At least 2 m
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126 Security of tenure Market-based
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128 Security of tenure Box 5.11 Urb
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130 Security of tenure Operation Mu
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132 Security of tenure Control of l
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134 Security of tenure Box 5.18 Sec
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136 Security of tenure NOTES 1 Habi
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138 Security of tenure Box 6.1 The
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140 Security of tenure It would be
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142 Security of tenure Box 6.7 Land
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144 Security of tenure Box 6.10 Wha
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146 Security of tenure Box 6.12 Evi
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148 Security of tenure Box 6.15 Con
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150 Security of tenure Box 6.18 Vio
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152 Security of tenure The
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154 Security of tenure Box 6.24 Lan
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156 Security of tenure The state is
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158 Security of tenure Housing righ
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Over the last three decades, natura
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Introduction 165 One of the key tre
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7 CHAPTER DISASTER RISK: CONDITIONS
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Disaster risk: Conditions, trends a
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8 CHAPTER POLICY RESPONSES TO DISAS
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220 Natural and human-made disaster
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236 Towards safer and more secure c
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11 CHAPTER ENHANCING TENURE SECURIT
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276 Enhancing Urban Safety and Secu
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12 CHAPTER MITIGATING THE IMPACTS O
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304 Summary of case studies Since i
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306 Summary of case studies • The
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308 Summary of case studies tions w
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310 Summary of case studies environ
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312 Summary of case studies others.
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314 Summary of case studies purpose
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316 Summary of case studies These e
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318 Summary of case studies develop
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320 Summary of case studies tion ex
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322 Summary of case studies Housing
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324 Summary of case studies Prolong
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326 Summary of case studies momentu
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330 Statistical annex Islands, Micr
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332 Statistical annex NOMENCLATURE
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334 Statistical annex Population, u
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336 Statistical annex SOURCES OF DA
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