Global Report on Human Settlements 2007 - PoA-ISS

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406 Enhancing Urban Safety and Security TABLE C.6 continued LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN Argentina Buenos Aires 0.0 – 100.0 – – – – 270.0 … … Argentina Comodoro Rivadavia 10.0 – – 100.0 – – – 440.0 … 0.35 Argentina Córdoba 49.1 0.1 99.6 – 0.3 – – 340.0 … 0.36 Argentina Rosario 0.6 0.1 71.9 25.2 – 2.7 – 171.8 … 0.17 Barbados Bridgetown 7.0 … … … … … … 230.0 … 0.75 Bolivia Santa Cruz de la Sierra 53.0 2.0 60.0 30.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 122.0 … … Brazil Icapui … – – 75.0 – 15.0 10.0 120.0 … 0.67 Brazil Maranguape … – 96.0 2.0 2.0 – – 150.0 … 0.45 Brazil Porto Alegre … … 92.0 … 7.6 … 0.4 202.4 … 0.51 Brazil Recife 33.0 … 75.0 24.0 1.0 … … 185.0 … 0.72 Brazil Rio de Janeiro … … 73.2 – 22.0 0.7 4.1 209.0 … … Brazil São Paulo … – 99.0 – 1.0 – – 159.6 108.7 0.52 Chile Gran Concepcion 5.7 – 100.0 – – – – 179.0 30.0 0.28 Chile Santiago de Chile 3.3 – 100.0 – – – – … … 0.34 Chile Tome 57.0 – 91.6 – 2.2 0.8 5.4 144.0 … 0.20 Chile Valparaiso 100.0 – 100.0 – – – – 166.3 … 0.45 Chile Vina del mar 92.9 – 89.0 3.0 8.0 – – 170.0 12.0 0.46 Colombia Armenia 0.0 – – 96.0 – – 4.0 … … 0.58 Colombia Marinilla … – 88.5 – 11.5 – – 125.5 … … Colombia Medellín … – 75.0 7.0 10.0 3.0 5.0 141.5 … 0.18 Cuba Baracoa … – – 100.0 – – – 225.0 … 1.00 Cuba Camaguey … – – 100.0 – – – 203.0 … … Cuba Cienfuegos 2.2 – 80.0 20.0 – – – 230.0 … 0.85 Cuba Havana … – 100.0 – – – – 100.0 … 1.30 Cuba Pinar Del Rio … 10.0 60.0 10.0 – 20.0 – 125.0 … … Cuba Santa Clara … – 70.0 30.0 – – – 225.0 … … Dominican Republic Santiago de los Caballeros 80.0 … … 100.0 … 100.0 … … … … Ecuador Ambato 0.0 – – 95.0 5.0 – – 220.0 … 0.11 Ecuador Cuenca 82.0 – 88.0 – 5.0 – 7.0 246.0 … … Ecuador Guayaquil 9.0 – 94.0 0.3 0.3 1.2 4.2 244.0 109.0 0.51 Ecuador Manta … … … … … … … 40.5 … 0.66 Ecuador Puyo … – – 90.0 10.0 – – 420.0 … 0.04 Ecuador Quito … – – 70.0 20.0 – 10.0 … … … Ecuador Tena 0.0 – – 90.0 5.0 – 5.0 190.0 … 0.11 El Salvador San Salvador … – 81.1 18.9 – – – … … … Guatemala Quetzaltenango … – 60.0 30.0 5.0 5.0 – 120.0 … 0.16 Jamaica Kingston 20.0 … … … … … … … … … Jamaica Montego Bay 15.0 … … … … … … … … … Mexico Ciudad Juarez … – 89.0 2.0 8.0 1.0 – 336.4 … 0.26 Panama Colon 0.0 – 90.0 10.0 – – – 496.0 … 0.21 Paraguay Asuncion 0.0 0.2 … … 4.0 … 91.0 200.0 90.0 0.40 Peru Cajamarca 62.0 – 95.0 1.5 – – 3.5 160.0 … 0.64 Peru Huanuco … – 100.0 – – – – … … … Peru Huaras … – – 100.0 – – – 120.0 … 0.33 Peru Iquitos … – 64.0 15.0 – 8.0 13.0 119.8 … 0.23 Peru Lima 4.0 – 57.0 34.0 7.0 2.0 – 108.0 … 0.34 Peru Tacna 64.0 – – 50.0 – 50.0 – 201.0 90.0 0.43 Peru Tumbes … 70.0 … … … 20.0 10.0 150.0 … 0.59 Trinidad and Tobago Port of Spain … … … … … … … … … … Uruguay Montevideo 34.0 0.2 – 99.8 – – – 173.1 … 0.62 NORTHERN AMERICA Canada Hull 100.0 – 91.9 – 8.1 – – 397.0 … 0.29 United States Atlanta … … … … … … … 403.0 … … United States Birmingham-USA … … … … … … … 393.0 … … United States Boston … … … … … … … 252.0 … … United States Des Moines … … … … … … … 226.0 … … United States Hartford … … … … … … … 284.0 … … United States Minneapolis-St. Paul … … … … … … … 281.0 … … United States New York … … … … … … … 448.0 … … United States Providence … … … … … … … 246.0 … … United States Salt Lake … … … … … … … 668.0 … … United States San Jose … … … … … … … 343.0 … … United States Seattle … … … … … … … 476.0 … … United States Tampa … … … … … … … 327.0 … … United States Washington … … … … … … … 396.0 … … OCEANIA Samoa Apia 0.0 … … … … … … … … 0.10 Source: UN-Habitat (2002), <strong>Global</strong> Urban Indicators Database 2 Solid waste disposal (%) Water consumption Median price Waste water Incinerated Sanitary Open Recycled Burned Other (litre/person/day) of water treated landfill damp openly A B (US$/m 3 ) Note: * Consumption of water in litres per day per person, for all domestic uses (excludes industrial use): A = city average, B = average in informal settlements.
Data tables 407 TABLE C.7 Urban Safety and Governance Indicators in Selected Cities (1998) Urban <strong>Report</strong>ed crime Local government violence * (rate per 1000) transparency and accountability ** A B C D E F homicide rape thefts A D C D AFRICA Algeria Algiers Yes No Yes Yes Yes No … … … Yes Yes Yes Yes Benin Cotonou Yes No Yes Yes Yes No 0.02 0.04 3.20 Yes Yes Yes Yes Benin Parakou Yes No Yes Yes Yes No 0.09 0.06 3.30 Yes Yes Yes Yes Benin Porto-Novo Yes No Yes Yes Yes No 0.02 0.03 3.38 Yes Yes Yes Yes Botswana Gaborone No No Yes Yes No No 0.18 0.79 0.85 Yes Yes Yes Yes Burkina Faso Bobo-Dioulasso No No No No No No … … … No No No No Burkina Faso Koudougou No No No No No No … … … No No No No Burkina Faso Ouagadougou No No Yes Yes Yes Yes 0.01 0.03 4.90 Yes Yes No No Burundi Bujumbura No No No Yes Yes No 0.50 0.64 8.70 No Yes Yes No Cameroon Douala No No Yes Yes Yes Yes … … … Yes Yes Yes Yes Cameroon Yaounde No No Yes Yes Yes Yes … … 0.20 Yes Yes Yes Yes Central African Republic Bangui Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 0.52 0.21 4.00 No Yes No No Chad N’Djamena No Yes Yes Yes Yes No 1.00 … 25.00 Yes Yes Yes Yes Congo Brazzaville Yes Yes Yes No No Yes … … … No Yes Yes Yes Congo Pointe - Noire Yes No No No Yes Yes … 8.00 16.00 No Yes Yes No Côte d’Ivoire Abidjan Yes Yes No Yes Yes No … … … Yes Yes Yes Yes Côte d’Ivoire Yamoussoukro Yes No No Yes Yes No … … 7.00 Yes Yes Yes Yes Dem. Rep. of Congo Kinshasa No No Yes Yes Yes Yes … … … No Yes Yes No Egypt Ismailia No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes … … … Yes Yes Yes No Egypt Tanta No No Yes Yes Yes Yes … … … Yes Yes Yes No Ethiopia Addis Ababa No No No No No No … … … No No No No Gabon Libreville Yes No No Yes Yes No … … … No Yes Yes Yes Gabon Port-Gentil Yes No No Yes Yes No … … … No No No No Gambia Banjul No No Yes Yes Yes Yes … … … Yes Yes Yes Yes Ghana Accra No No Yes Yes Yes Yes 10.00 23.00 15.00 Yes Yes Yes Yes Ghana Kumasi No No Yes Yes Yes Yes 9.00 21.00 16.00 Yes Yes Yes Yes Guinea Conakry Yes Yes No No Yes No 0.01 0.00 0.00 Yes Yes Yes Yes Kenya Kisumu No Yes No Yes Yes Yes 0.18 0.18 1.00 No Yes Yes Yes Kenya Mombasa No Yes No Yes Yes Yes … … … No Yes Yes Yes Kenya Nairobi No Yes No Yes Yes Yes … … … No Yes Yes Yes Lesotho Maseru No Yes No Yes Yes No … … … No No No No Liberia Monrovia No No Yes Yes Yes Yes … … … Yes No Yes Yes Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Tripoli No No Yes Yes Yes Yes 13.00 40.00 173.00 Yes Yes Yes Yes Madagascar Antananarivo Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes … … … No Yes Yes Yes Malawi Lilongwe No Yes No Yes Yes No … … … Yes Yes Yes Yes Mali Bamako Yes No No Yes Yes Yes 0.07 0.05 0.21 Yes Yes Yes No Mauritania Nouakchott No No No No No No … … 1.00 Yes Yes Yes Yes Morocco Casablanca No No Yes Yes Yes Yes … … … Yes Yes Yes Yes Morocco Rabat No No Yes Yes Yes Yes … … … Yes Yes Yes Yes Mozambique Maputo Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes … … … No No No No Namibia Windhoek No No Yes Yes Yes Yes 24.00 4.00 36.00 Yes Yes Yes Yes Niger Maradi No No Yes Yes Yes No … … … No No Yes No Niger Niamey No No No No No No … … … Yes No No No Nigeria Ibadan No No Yes Yes Yes Yes … … … Yes Yes Yes Yes Nigeria Lagos No No Yes Yes Yes Yes … … … Yes Yes Yes Yes Rwanda Kigali Yes No No Yes Yes Yes … … 14.00 No Yes Yes No Senegal Bignona Yes No No No Yes No 0.06 … 7.93 Yes Yes Yes No Senegal Dakar Yes No No No Yes No 0.06 … 7.93 Yes Yes Yes No Senegal Thies Yes No No No Yes No 0.06 … 7.93 Yes Yes Yes No South Africa Durban No No No No No No … … … No No No No South Africa East Rand No No No No No No … … … No No No No South Africa Port Elizabeth Yes No Yes No No No … … … No No No No Togo Lome No No Yes Yes Yes No … … … Yes Yes Yes No Togo Sokode No No Yes Yes Yes No … … … Yes Yes Yes No Tunisia Tunis No No Yes Yes Yes Yes … … … Yes Yes Yes No Uganda Entebbe No No Yes Yes Yes Yes 18.00 4.00 28.50 Yes Yes Yes No Uganda Jinja No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes … … … Yes Yes Yes Yes Zimbabwe Bulawayo No No Yes Yes Yes Yes … … … Yes Yes Yes No Zimbabwe Chegutu No No Yes Yes Yes Yes … … … Yes Yes Yes Yes Zimbabwe Gweru No No Yes Yes Yes Yes 1.00 … 18.00 Yes Yes Yes Yes Zimbabwe Harare No No Yes Yes Yes Yes … … … Yes Yes Yes Yes Zimbabwe Mutare No No No Yes Yes Yes … … … Yes Yes Yes Yes ASIA Armenia Yerevan No No No Yes Yes No 0.08 … … No No No No Bangladesh Chittagong No No No Yes Yes Yes … … … Yes Yes Yes No Bangladesh Dhaka Yes No No Yes Yes Yes … … 1.00 No No No No Bangladesh Sylhet No No No Yes Yes Yes … … … Yes Yes Yes No Bangladesh Tangail No No Yes Yes Yes Yes … … … Yes Yes No No Cambodia Phnom Penh Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 0.17 0.01 0.03 No Yes Yes No Georgia Tbilisi No No No No No No … … … No Yes No Yes India Alwar No No No No No No … … … No No No No India Bangalore No Yes No Yes Yes No … … 2.00 Yes Yes Yes Yes India Chennai No No No Yes Yes Yes … … … Yes Yes Yes Yes India Delhi No No No No No No … … … No No No No India Mysore No No No Yes Yes Yes … … 1.00 Yes Yes Yes Yes Indonesia Bandung No No No Yes Yes No 0.16 0.01 2.23 Yes Yes Yes No Indonesia Jakarta No Yes No Yes Yes Yes 0.00 0.00 0.20 Yes Yes Yes Yes Indonesia Semarang No No No Yes Yes No 0.02 0.01 0.23 Yes Yes Yes Yes
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ENHANCING URBAN SAFETY AND SECURITY
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First published by Earthscan in the
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INTRODUCTION Enhancing Urban Safety
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The preparation of
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xviii Enhancing Urban Safety and Se
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LIST OF FIGURES, BOXES AND TABLES F
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4 Understanding Urban Safety and Se
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1 CHAPTER CURRENT THREATS TO URBAN
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2 CHAPTER VULNERABILITY, RISK AND R
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29 simply ‘give up’ in the face
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46 Urban crime and violence Box II.
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48 Urban crime and violence it has
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50 Urban crime and violence Formal
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52 Urban crime and violence Contact
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54 Urban crime and violence Per 100
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56 Urban crime and violence Burglar
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58 Urban crime and violence Percent
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60 Urban crime and violence Figure
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62 Urban crime and violence Table 3
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64 Urban crime and violence Youth g
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68 Urban crime and violence Type of
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70 Urban crime and violence From a
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72 Urban crime and violence One vio
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74 Urban crime and violence High ho
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76 Urban crime and violence Abused
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78 Urban crime and violence General
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82 Urban crime and violence porate
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86 Urban crime and violence UN-Habi
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88 Urban crime and violence Box 4.2
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90 Urban crime and violence Box 4.4
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92 Urban crime and violence Legisla
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94 Urban crime and violence above w
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96 Urban crime and violence Campaig
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98 Urban crime and violence Availab
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100 Urban crime and violence Box 4.
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102 Urban crime and violence In som
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104 Urban crime and violence Initia
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106 Urban crime and violence The mo
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108 Urban crime and violence Vander
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112 Security of tenure Box III.1 Se
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5 CHAPTER SECURITY OF TENURE: CONDI
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116 Security of tenure Table 5.1 A
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118 Security of tenure Fully legal
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120 Security of tenure Box 5.4 Secu
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122 Security of tenure Urban tenure
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124 Security of tenure At least 2 m
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126 Security of tenure Market-based
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128 Security of tenure Box 5.11 Urb
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130 Security of tenure Operation Mu
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132 Security of tenure Control of l
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134 Security of tenure Box 5.18 Sec
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136 Security of tenure NOTES 1 Habi
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138 Security of tenure Box 6.1 The
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140 Security of tenure It would be
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142 Security of tenure Box 6.7 Land
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144 Security of tenure Box 6.10 Wha
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146 Security of tenure Box 6.12 Evi
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148 Security of tenure Box 6.15 Con
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150 Security of tenure Box 6.18 Vio
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152 Security of tenure The
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154 Security of tenure Box 6.24 Lan
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156 Security of tenure The state is
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158 Security of tenure Housing righ
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7 CHAPTER DISASTER RISK: CONDITIONS
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304 Summary of case studies Since i
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306 Summary of case studies • The
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308 Summary of case studies tions w
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310 Summary of case studies environ
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312 Summary of case studies others.
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314 Summary of case studies purpose
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316 Summary of case studies These e
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318 Summary of case studies develop
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320 Summary of case studies tion ex
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322 Summary of case studies Housing
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324 Summary of case studies Prolong
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330 Statistical annex Islands, Micr
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332 Statistical annex NOMENCLATURE
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334 Statistical annex Population, u
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336 Statistical annex SOURCES OF DA
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