Global Report on Human Settlements 2007 - PoA-ISS

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440 Enhancing Urban Safety and Security risk management 210 road traffic accidents 221, 223 security of tenure 157–158 tenure rights 148 indigenous buildings 288–289 individuals rights 7, 8 security 34–35 Indonesia, tsunami (2004) 17, 163, 171 industrial accidents 18 inequality 3, 9, 303 crime 67–68 policies 4 infectious diseases, Millennium Development Goals 279 informal economic sector, forced evictions 126 informal settlements 134–135, 142 upgrading 139, 303–304 see also slums informal transports 224 information culture of fear 49 institutions 35–36 infrastructure climate change 289 corruption 77 critical 208 disaster impacts 18, 25, 178–179 disaster-resistant 287–288 disaster risk 165 forced evictions 124, 128–129 health services 209, 288 property crime 74 road safety 226–227 tenure security 16 terrorism 79 inheritance, gender 132 insecurity of tenure see security of tenure institutional capacity 24, 33, 38 institutional learning 39 institutions 24, 35 crime and violence 48 crime prevention 50, 105 women’s groups 36 insurance disasters 10, 179, 294, 299 earthquakes 321 Natural Hazards Risk Index 175 integrated development plans (IDPs) 91 Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) 212 interest rates 27 internally displaced persons (IDPs) 125, 145 housing 264 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) 8, 119, 120, 145, 149, 263 International Crime Victimization Survey (ICVS) 51 International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) 86 international development agencies, pre-disaster planning 165 international development policy, disaster risk 189 International Labour Organization (ILO) Crisis Response Programme 216 international law 36–37 crime and violence 85–88 forced evictions 146, 236, 276 right to housing 264 international mega events, forced evictions 124, 129 International Organization for Migration (IOM) 64 international tribunals 276 International Tsunami Information Centre 210 Interpol see International Criminal Police Organization intimate partner violence (IPV) 57–58, 67, 76 crime prevention 102–103, 255, 310 disaster impacts 180 GDP 73 investment, resilience 39 investment schemes 27 IOM see International Organization for Migration IPV see intimate partner violence Iran disaster-response training 292 earthquake (2004) 171 Iraq, security of tenure 134 ISDR see United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction Islamic law, security of tenure 263 Islamic tenure categories 116 Istanbul Declaration 280 Jamaica building codes 187 crime prevention 89–90, 243–244, 257 deported criminals 71 disaster-resistant construction 207 homicide rates 67 Operation Kingfish 89, 250, 307 police training 236 Japan housing construction 208 retrofitting 288 sea-level rise 290 typhoon Tokage 178 jurisdiction 254 justiceiros 94 Karachi, tenure regularization 138, 139 Kenya arms trafficking 63 forced evictions 125 Mungiki movement 79, 308 private security 75 security of tenure 131, 150, 153, 154 street children 58, 59, 308 traffic accidents 221 Kingston (Jamaica) crime and violence 14, 307–308 social capital 248 Kobe (Japan) earthquake (1995) 21, 177, 178–179, 321–322 insurance policies 295
Index 441 Kosovo, security of tenure 131, 145 labour markets 70 Lagos (Nigeria) response capacity 211 security of tenure 315–316 land administration 143–145 land markets disaster impacts 179 tenure security 268 land registries 144 land rights 17, 297 land sharing 269 landslides 167, 185, 196 land subsidence 185 land tenure 8, 116, 117, 137 land titling 126, 140–143, 216, 313 land use 32 cost–benefit analysis 285–286 crime prevention 69 disaster impacts 177 disaster risk reduction 165, 205, 238 planning 188–189, 227, 283–287 planning maps 197 slums 205–207 law enforcement 87 laws forced eviction 145–148 local 8 see also international law learning culture 84 leasehold 115 Leeds (UK), automatic speed limiters 226 legislation disaster risk reduction 287 housing rights 313 road safety 227 security of tenure 263, 316 see also international law Lima (Peru) insecurity 19 risk assessment 200 linguistic barriers 290 livelihood losses 177, 280 local government building codes 187 crime and violence 74, 93–96, 105, 235 disaster impacts 174–175, 182 disaster response 213–214 disaster risk 165 disaster risk reduction 202, 203–204, 216, 237 finance 211–212 institutional capacity 33–34 partnerships 253, 254 reconstruction 165, 213 resilience 39 security of tenure 272–273 spatial partnerships 254 London (UK) heatwaves 197 public transportation 226 transit terrorism 66 longer-term shelter strategies 281 machismo 103 macro-economy 30 Maharashtra Emergency Earthquake Rehabilitation Programme (MEERP) 296 malaria 10 Malaysia, expropriation 127 MANDISA (Monitoring, Mapping and Analysis of Disaster Incidents in South Africa) 285 mangrove ecosystems 185 Manila, disaster risk reduction 203 manslaughter 54 mapping risk 164, 285, 291, 319 vulnerability 24, 279 marginalization, risk reduction 169 market-based evictions 15, 126 mass displacements 112, 124 mass transit systems 66 MDGs see Millennium Development Goals media climate change 290 coverage 3, 19 culture of fear 49–50 disaster preparedness 291 disaster risk education 298 MEERP (Maharashtra Emergency Earthquake Rehabilitation Programme) 296 megacities 183, 208 Mexico early warning systems 291 housing rights 148 natural disasters 190 security of tenure 150 Mexico City (Mexico) crime and violence 13, 30 disaster impacts 182 disaster risk 202 earthquakes 322–323 reconstruction 216, 294 tenure insecurity 32 urbanization 183 microfinance 203, 204 micro-insurance 294 migrant workers housing 264 security of tenure 133, 314 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 119, 138, 189, 203, 210, 237, 270, 278–279 misery, villages of 16 mitigation 168, 179 modernization perspective 71 Monitoring, Mapping and Analysis of Disaster Incidents in South Africa (MANDISA) 285 mortality see deaths
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ENHANCING URBAN SAFETY AND SECURITY
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First published by Earthscan in the
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INTRODUCTION Enhancing Urban Safety
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The preparation of
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x Enhancing Urban Safety and Securi
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xii Enhancing Urban Safety and Secu
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xvi Enhancing Urban Safety and Secu
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xviii Enhancing Urban Safety and Se
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LIST OF FIGURES, BOXES AND TABLES F
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xxviii Enhancing Urban Safety and S
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xxxii Enhancing Urban Safety and Se
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4 Understanding Urban Safety and Se
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1 CHAPTER CURRENT THREATS TO URBAN
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Current threats to urban safety and
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2 CHAPTER VULNERABILITY, RISK AND R
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Vulnerability, risk and resilience:
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29 simply ‘give up’ in the face
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46 Urban crime and violence Box II.
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48 Urban crime and violence it has
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50 Urban crime and violence Formal
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52 Urban crime and violence Contact
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54 Urban crime and violence Per 100
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56 Urban crime and violence Burglar
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58 Urban crime and violence Percent
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60 Urban crime and violence Figure
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62 Urban crime and violence Table 3
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64 Urban crime and violence Youth g
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68 Urban crime and violence Type of
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70 Urban crime and violence From a
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72 Urban crime and violence One vio
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74 Urban crime and violence High ho
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76 Urban crime and violence Abused
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78 Urban crime and violence General
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82 Urban crime and violence porate
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4 CHAPTER URBAN CRIME AND VIOLENCE:
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86 Urban crime and violence UN-Habi
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88 Urban crime and violence Box 4.2
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90 Urban crime and violence Box 4.4
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92 Urban crime and violence Legisla
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94 Urban crime and violence above w
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96 Urban crime and violence Campaig
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98 Urban crime and violence Availab
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100 Urban crime and violence Box 4.
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102 Urban crime and violence In som
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104 Urban crime and violence Initia
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106 Urban crime and violence The mo
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108 Urban crime and violence Vander
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112 Security of tenure Box III.1 Se
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5 CHAPTER SECURITY OF TENURE: CONDI
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116 Security of tenure Table 5.1 A
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118 Security of tenure Fully legal
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120 Security of tenure Box 5.4 Secu
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122 Security of tenure Urban tenure
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124 Security of tenure At least 2 m
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126 Security of tenure Market-based
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128 Security of tenure Box 5.11 Urb
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130 Security of tenure Operation Mu
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132 Security of tenure Control of l
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134 Security of tenure Box 5.18 Sec
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136 Security of tenure NOTES 1 Habi
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138 Security of tenure Box 6.1 The
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140 Security of tenure It would be
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142 Security of tenure Box 6.7 Land
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144 Security of tenure Box 6.10 Wha
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146 Security of tenure Box 6.12 Evi
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148 Security of tenure Box 6.15 Con
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150 Security of tenure Box 6.18 Vio
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152 Security of tenure The
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154 Security of tenure Box 6.24 Lan
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156 Security of tenure The state is
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158 Security of tenure Housing righ
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Over the last three decades, natura
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Introduction 165 One of the key tre
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7 CHAPTER DISASTER RISK: CONDITIONS
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Disaster risk: Conditions, trends a
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8 CHAPTER POLICY RESPONSES TO DISAS
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Policy responses to disaster risk 1
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220 Natural and human-made disaster
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236 Towards safer and more secure c
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11 CHAPTER ENHANCING TENURE SECURIT
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276 Enhancing Urban Safety and Secu
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12 CHAPTER MITIGATING THE IMPACTS O
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304 Summary of case studies Since i
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306 Summary of case studies • The
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308 Summary of case studies tions w
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310 Summary of case studies environ
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312 Summary of case studies others.
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314 Summary of case studies purpose
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316 Summary of case studies These e
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318 Summary of case studies develop
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320 Summary of case studies tion ex
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322 Summary of case studies Housing
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324 Summary of case studies Prolong
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326 Summary of case studies momentu
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330 Statistical annex Islands, Micr
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332 Statistical annex NOMENCLATURE
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334 Statistical annex Population, u
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336 Statistical annex SOURCES OF DA
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