Global Report on Human Settlements 2007 - PoA-ISS

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438 Enhancing Urban Safety and Security Europe 192 hazard mapping 196 land use planning 188–189 poverty 188 urbanization 185 Florida (US), Safe Neighbourhoods Act 91–92 flow losses 177 forced evictions 15, 16, 112, 124–126, 236, 313 civil society responses 151–152 development projects 147 human rights 37, 146, 147 infrastructure projects 124, 128–129 international law 236, 264, 276 international mega events 124, 129 international organizations 152–153 land registries 145 legal protection 145–148 moratorium 142, 236, 277 procedural protections 147 urban beautification 124, 129–130 forced labour 63 foreign currency 213 foreign investment crime rates 46 urbanization 183 foreign workers 12 foster care 58 France disaster impacts 18, 208 penal mediation 102 road traffic accidents 228 tenure rights 148 fraud 52 freedoms 8, 9, 303 freehold 115, 140, 268 free trade 4 Fukuoka Declaration (2001) 8, 274, 275 gang membership 45 gang violence 3, 14 gated communities 33, 75–76 GCB see <strong>Global</strong> Corruption Barometer GDP see gross domestic product gecekondu sites 32, 141, 318 gender disaster impacts 180–181 equality 279 inheritance 132 road traffic accidents 222 see also women generic victims 35 gentrification forced evictions 124 market-based evictions 126 geographic information systems (GIS) 164, 196, 205, 238, 284 geography of disaster risk 10 geography of misery 10 GeoHazards International (GHI) 197, 208 geomorphology 183 Germany housing rights 270 human trafficking 64 Ghana forced evictions 125 land registries 144 speed bumps 227 GHI (GeoHazards International) 197, 208 GIIF see <strong>Global</strong> Index Insurance Facility Gini coefficiency 67 GIS see geographic information systems <strong>Global</strong> Campaign for Secure Tenure 124, 152, 262, 263 <strong>Global</strong> Corruption Barometer (GCB) 59 global economy 26, 27 <strong>Global</strong> Index Insurance Facility (GIIF) 294 globalization organized crime 61 tenure security 269 <strong>Global</strong> Land Tool Network 143 global markets 27 <strong>Global</strong> Road Safety Partnership (GRSP) 230, 231 global warming 17, 27–28 governance 4, 39 crime and violence 85 corruption 96 policy responses 239–242 Port Moresby 95–96 processes 93–96 responses 88–92, 96–105 São Paulo 94–95 deliberative processes 297 disaster risk 164, 165, 281 disaster risk reduction 296 reconstruction 295 uncertainty 28–29 see also policies grassroots movements 21 greenhouse gas emissions 186, 290 gross domestic product (GDP) 9 bribery 59 crime correlations 10, 13 disaster impact 163, 173 homicide rates 67 intimate partner violence 73 traffic accidents 163, 220 ground rent 116 groundwater 178 GRSP (<strong>Global</strong> Road Safety Partnership) 230, 231 guardianship 100–101 Guatemala, youth gangs 64 gun violence 62, 70, 78, 311 women 72 Guyana, disasters 212 Habitat Agenda 274, 280–281 Habitat International Coalition (HIC) 151 hate crime 304 hazard, definition 219
Index 439 hazard management 169 hazard mapping 164, 192, 196–197 hazardous facilities 198 HDI see Human Development Index health, deprivation 10 healthcare costs 78 health services crime and violence 74 disaster impacts 177 disaster planning 209, 288 heat waves 17–18, 171, 181 climate change 186, 290 HIC see Habitat International Coalition HICs see high-income countries high-income countries (HICs), road traffic accidents 224 HIV 78 HLP see housing, land and property rights Holistic Vulnerability Index 198 Holland see Netherlands home, respect for 265 home improvement loans 16 homelessness 16, 118, 119, 236, 270–271 homicides 45, 52 non-intentional 54 poverty 67 rate 54 victims 72 young people 14, 65 Honduras disaster risk communication 211 housing rights 148 Hong Kong crime and violence 67 crime prevention 99–101, 107, 244, 306–307 response capacity 211 honour killings 66 households 34–35, 179 housing 30 crisis 112 disaster impact 186 disaster risk 187–188 loans 16 market forces 114 ownership 115 post-disaster borrowing 189 price increases 112 right to adequate 263–264 housing construction building codes 165, 187–188, 207–208, 322 corruption 77 housing, land and property (HLP) rights 236, 266–267, 274, 276, 281 housing policy, security of tenure 111 housing prices 123 housing rights children 317 legislation 313 Hudood Ordinances 66 human capital flight 74 Human Development Index (HDI) 174, 223 humanitarian agencies, pre-disaster planning 165 human-made disasters 18, 167, 168, 183, 210 economic effects 178 incidence 173–174 human-made hazards 168, 197 risk assessment 198 human rights 36–37 corporate complicity 273 disaster risk 203 forced evictions 37, 146, 147 homeless people 270–271 housing 113, 115, 121 land registries 144 property rights 266 residential justice 275–276 right to security of place 267 security of tenure 15, 37, 135, 151, 153–158, 262–268, 317 human security definition 8 vulnerability 9 human trafficking 45, 63–64, 78, 257 hunger, Millennium Development Goals 279 Hurricane Katrina (2005) 164, 190 communication 290 evacuation 297 governmental response 29, 325–326 media coverage 19 peer learning 39 hurricanes 27, 167, 207 inclusive planning 297 hydrology 183 Hyogo Framework for Action (2005–2015) 198–199, 203, 237, 281–282 hyper masculinity values 67 IDB see Inter-American Development Bank ICESCR see International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ICVS see International Crime Victimization Survey identity theft 52 IDPs see integrated development plans; internally displaced persons ILO see International Labour Organization imprisonment 245–246 incident-based reporting systems 20 inclusion 104, 296–299 inclusive planning 296–297 India community participation 296 disaster impacts 180 disaster-related education 298 disaster risk 184, 202 domestic violence 58 gun violence 78 hazard mapping 196 Millennium Development Goals 279 public transportation 225
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ENHANCING URBAN SAFETY AND SECURITY
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First published by Earthscan in the
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INTRODUCTION Enhancing Urban Safety
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The preparation of
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x Enhancing Urban Safety and Securi
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xii Enhancing Urban Safety and Secu
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xiv Enhancing Urban Safety and Secu
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xvi Enhancing Urban Safety and Secu
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xviii Enhancing Urban Safety and Se
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LIST OF FIGURES, BOXES AND TABLES F
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xxxii Enhancing Urban Safety and Se
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4 Understanding Urban Safety and Se
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1 CHAPTER CURRENT THREATS TO URBAN
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Current threats to urban safety and
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2 CHAPTER VULNERABILITY, RISK AND R
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Vulnerability, risk and resilience:
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29 simply ‘give up’ in the face
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46 Urban crime and violence Box II.
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48 Urban crime and violence it has
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50 Urban crime and violence Formal
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52 Urban crime and violence Contact
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54 Urban crime and violence Per 100
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56 Urban crime and violence Burglar
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58 Urban crime and violence Percent
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60 Urban crime and violence Figure
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62 Urban crime and violence Table 3
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64 Urban crime and violence Youth g
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68 Urban crime and violence Type of
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70 Urban crime and violence From a
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72 Urban crime and violence One vio
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74 Urban crime and violence High ho
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76 Urban crime and violence Abused
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78 Urban crime and violence General
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82 Urban crime and violence porate
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4 CHAPTER URBAN CRIME AND VIOLENCE:
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86 Urban crime and violence UN-Habi
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88 Urban crime and violence Box 4.2
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90 Urban crime and violence Box 4.4
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92 Urban crime and violence Legisla
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94 Urban crime and violence above w
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96 Urban crime and violence Campaig
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98 Urban crime and violence Availab
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100 Urban crime and violence Box 4.
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102 Urban crime and violence In som
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104 Urban crime and violence Initia
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106 Urban crime and violence The mo
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108 Urban crime and violence Vander
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112 Security of tenure Box III.1 Se
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5 CHAPTER SECURITY OF TENURE: CONDI
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116 Security of tenure Table 5.1 A
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118 Security of tenure Fully legal
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120 Security of tenure Box 5.4 Secu
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122 Security of tenure Urban tenure
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124 Security of tenure At least 2 m
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126 Security of tenure Market-based
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128 Security of tenure Box 5.11 Urb
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130 Security of tenure Operation Mu
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132 Security of tenure Control of l
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134 Security of tenure Box 5.18 Sec
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136 Security of tenure NOTES 1 Habi
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138 Security of tenure Box 6.1 The
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140 Security of tenure It would be
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142 Security of tenure Box 6.7 Land
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144 Security of tenure Box 6.10 Wha
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146 Security of tenure Box 6.12 Evi
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148 Security of tenure Box 6.15 Con
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150 Security of tenure Box 6.18 Vio
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152 Security of tenure The
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154 Security of tenure Box 6.24 Lan
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156 Security of tenure The state is
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158 Security of tenure Housing righ
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Over the last three decades, natura
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Introduction 165 One of the key tre
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7 CHAPTER DISASTER RISK: CONDITIONS
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Disaster risk: Conditions, trends a
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8 CHAPTER POLICY RESPONSES TO DISAS
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Policy responses to disaster risk 1
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220 Natural and human-made disaster
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236 Towards safer and more secure c
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11 CHAPTER ENHANCING TENURE SECURIT
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276 Enhancing Urban Safety and Secu
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12 CHAPTER MITIGATING THE IMPACTS O
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304 Summary of case studies Since i
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306 Summary of case studies • The
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308 Summary of case studies tions w
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310 Summary of case studies environ
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312 Summary of case studies others.
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314 Summary of case studies purpose
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316 Summary of case studies These e
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318 Summary of case studies develop
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320 Summary of case studies tion ex
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322 Summary of case studies Housing
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324 Summary of case studies Prolong
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326 Summary of case studies momentu
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330 Statistical annex Islands, Micr
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332 Statistical annex NOMENCLATURE
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334 Statistical annex Population, u
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336 Statistical annex SOURCES OF DA
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