362 Enhancing Urban Safety and Security TABLE B.6 Transport Safety and Transport Infrastructure Road safety Roads Motor vehicles Railways Port traffic Air per 10,000 vehicles per 100,000 populati<strong>on</strong> total passengers goods number route passengers goods passengers freight hauled per 1000 hauled TEU injury fatality injury fatality fatality (km) m-p-km m-t-km km m-p-km m-t-km (000) (000) m-t-km rate rate rate rate rate 1999– 1999– 1999– 1999– 1999– 1999– 1996 1996 1996 1996 2004 2003 2003 2003 1990 2003 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 AFRICA Algeria 237 24 124 13 … 104,000 … … 55 … 3,572 950 1,945 311 3,236 21 Angola … … … … … 51,429 166,045 4,709 19 … 2,761 … … … 223 64 Benin 100 14 53 7 … 6,787 … … 3 … 438 66 86 … 46 7 Botswana 791 62 355 28 … 25,233 … … 18 92 888 171 842 … 214 0 Burkina Faso … … … … … 12,506 … … 4 … 622 … … … 62 0 Burundi … … … … … 14,480 … … … … … … … … … … Camero<strong>on</strong> 329 52 39 6 … 80,932 … … 10 … 974 308 1,115 … 358 23 Cape Verde 1,640 112 172 12 … … … … … … … … … … … … Central African Republic 3,104 339 16 2 … 23,810 … … 1 … … … … … 46 7 Chad 144 7 6 0 … 33,400 … … 2 … … … … … 46 7 Comoros … 8 … 2 … … … … … … … … … … … … C<strong>on</strong>go 170 23 33 5 … 12,800 … … 18 … 1,026 76 307 … 52 0 Côte d’Ivoire … … … … … 50,400 … … 24 … 639 148 129 670 46 7 Dem. Republic of the C<strong>on</strong>go … … … … … 157,000 … … … … 4,499 140 491 … 95 7 Egypt 100 20 37 7 … 64,000 … … 29 … 5,150 40,837 4,188 1,422 4,584 248 Eritrea … … … … … 4,010 … … 1 … 306 … … … … … Ethiopia 853 195 13 3 … 33,856 219,113 2,456 1 2 … … … … 1,403 117 Gab<strong>on</strong> 235 28 86 10 … 32,333 … … 32 … 650 92 1,949 … 433 62 Gambia … … … … … 3,742 16 … 13 8 … … … … … … Ghana 621 73 48 6 … 47,787 … … 8 … 977 85 242 … 96 7 Guinea 1,111 121 58 6 … 44,348 … … 4 … 837 … … … … … Guinea-Bissau … … … … … 4,400 … … 7 … … … … … … … Kenya 558 64 80 9 … 63,942 … 22 12 11 1,917 226 1,399 … 2,005 193 Lesotho 439 87 82 16 … 5,940 … … 11 … … … … … … … Liberia … … … … … 10,600 … … 14 … 490 … … … … … Libyan Arab Jamahiriya … … 150 21 … 83,200 … … 165 … 2,757 … … … 850 0 Madagascar 105 3 6 0 … 49,827 … … 6 … 883 10 12 … 514 13 Malawi 700 193 39 11 … 28,400 … … 4 … 710 25 88 … 114 1 Mali 177 16 8 1 … 15,100 … … 3 … 733 196 189 … 46 7 Mauritania … … … … … 7,660 … … 10 … 717 … … … 128 0 Mauritius 375 15 318 13 … 2,015 … … 59 119 … … … 382 1,089 220 Morocco … … 212 10 … 57,694 … 18 37 45 1,907 2,614 5,535 561 3,004 62 Mozambique … … … … … 30,400 … … 4 … 2,072 137 808 … 299 5 Namibia … 9 38 8 … 42,237 47 591 71 82 … … … … 281 56 Niger … … … … … 10,100 … … 6 … … … … … 46 7 Nigeria 166 65 20 8 … 194,394 … … 30 … 3,505 973 39 513 682 10 Rwanda … … … … … 12,000 … … 2 … … … … … … … Senegal 710 64 103 9 … 13,576 … … 11 14 906 138 371 … 421 0 Sierra Le<strong>on</strong>e 199 21 16 2 … 11,300 … … 10 4 … … … … 16 8 Somalia … … … … … 22,100 … … 2 … … … … … … … South Africa 217 17 341 27 25 362,099 … 434 139 144 20,047 10,001 106,549 2,675 9,876 930 Sudan … … … … … 11,900 … … 9 … 5,478 32 889 … 476 41 Swaziland 251 44 179 31 … 3,594 … … 66 83 301 … … … 90 0 Togo … … … … … 7,520 … … 24 … 568 … … … 46 7 Tunisia … … … … … 18,997 … 16,611 48 88 1,909 1,242 2,173 … 1,940 20 Uganda 497 122 33 8 … 70,746 … … 2 5 259 … 218 … 46 27 United Republic of Tanzania 879 111 40 5 … 78,891 … … 5 … 2,600 471 1,351 … 248 2 Zambia 235 39 60 10 … 91,440 … … 14 … 1,273 186 554 … 49 0 Zimbabwe 252 17 161 11 … 97,267 … … 32 50 … … … … 238 17 ASIA Afghanistan … … … … … 34,789 … … 3 … … … … … 150 8 Armenia 1,277 279 43 10 … 7,633 1,867 280 5 … 711 48 452 … 510 7 Azerbaijan 65 20 32 10 10 27,016 9,862 53,738 52 57 2,122 584 6,980 … 1,007 34 Bahrain 128 3 377 10 10 … … … … … … … … … … … Bangladesh 71 45 3 2 … 239,226 … … 1 1 2,745 … … 625 1,647 180 Bhutan 10 4 2 1 … … … … … … … … … … … … Brunei Darussalam 22 4 125 22 3 … … … … … … … … … … … Cambodia 29 3 15 2 … 12,323 201 308 … 30 650 45 92 … 163 4 China 57 26 13 6 8 1,809,829 769,560 709,950 5 15 61,015 551,196 1,828,548 74,540 119,789 8,188 China, H<strong>on</strong>g K<strong>on</strong>g SAR … … 326 5 … 1,831 … … 66 79 … … … … 17,893 6,932 Cyprus … … 610 17 … … … … … … … … … … … … Dem. People’s Republic of Korea … … … … … 31,200 … … … … 5,214 … … … 95 2 Georgia 40 10 37 9 14 20,247 4,987 22,500 107 63 1,565 401 5,065 … 203 3 India 104 20 32 6 8 3,851,440 … … 4 9 63,221 541,208 381,241 4,267 23,797 689 Ind<strong>on</strong>esia 15 8 11 6 368,360 … … 16 … … … … 5,567 26,785 434 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 58 6 47 5 39 178,152 … … 34 … 6,405 10,012 18,182 1,221 12,234 98 Iraq … … … … … 45,550 … … 14 … 2,339 570 1,682 … … … Israel 308 3 834 9 8 17,237 … … 210 284 493 1,423 1,173 1,608 4,954 1,355 Japan 112 1 749 8 6 1,177,278 955,412 312,028 469 582 20,060 242,300 22,200 15,938 103,116 8,938 Jordan 524 19 357 13 … 7,364 … … 60 99 291 … 522 … 1,660 254 Kazakhstan 107 20 87 17 258,029 55,676 382 76 96 13,770 11,816 163,420 … 843 13 Kuwait … … … … … 4,450 … … 474 332 … … … … 2,317 224 Kyrgyzstan 228 41 75 14 … 18,500 5,274 797 44 38 424 50 561 … 246 5 Lao People’s Dem. Republic … 8 … 4 … 32,620 1,290 121 9 … … … … … 276 2 Leban<strong>on</strong> 22 2 74 8 9 7,300 … … 321 … 401 … … 299 1,087 85
Data tables 363 TABLE B.6 c<strong>on</strong>tinued Road safety Roads Motor vehicles Railways Port traffic Air per 10,000 vehicles per 100,000 populati<strong>on</strong> total passengers goods number route passengers goods passengers freight hauled per 1000 hauled TEU injury fatality injury fatality fatality (km) m-p-km m-t-km km m-p-km m-t-km (000) (000) m-t-km rate rate rate rate rate 1999– 1999– 1999– 1999– 1999– 1999– 1996 1996 1996 1996 2004 2003 2003 2003 1990 2003 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 Malaysia 63 8 229 31 21 71,814 … … 124 254 1,667 1,931 1,224 11,264 19,268 2,599 M<strong>on</strong>golia 113 30 41 11 … 49,250 761 1,889 21 41 1,810 1,073 6,452 … 318 6 Myanmar … 36 … 2 … 27,966 2,028 9,493 2 … … … … … 1,408 3 Nepal … … … 4 … 15,905 … … … … 59 … … … 449 7 Oman 213 16 306 24 … 32,800 … … 130 … … … … 2,516 3,267 235 Pakistan 37 17 7 3 … 254,410 209,959 … 6 8 7,791 23,911 5,004 1,102 5,097 402 Philippines 15 2 6 1 … 200,037 … … 10 34 … … … 3,673 7,406 301 Qatar … … … … 19 … … … … … … … … … … … Republic of Korea 297 11 782 28 … 97,252 9,404 565 79 304 3,129 28,641 10,641 14,299 33,390 7,969 Saudi Arabia 109 14 166 21 … 152,044 … … 165 … 1,390 364 1,173 3,186 14,943 957 Singapore 105 4 221 7 … 3,165 … … 130 135 … … … 21,311 17,718 7,193 Sri Lanka 218 25 92 11 … 97,286 21,067 … 21 34 … … … 2,221 2,416 300 Syrian Arab Republic 187 36 54 11 … 91,795 589 … 26 36 2,798 635 1,924 … 1,141 20 Tajikistan … … 45 10 … 27,767 … … 3 … 617 41 1,087 … 498 6 Thailand 25 10 73 28 … 57,403 … … 46 … 4,044 10,092 3,422 4,856 20,625 1,869 Turkey 202 11 167 9 13 354,421 163,327 152,163 50 90 8,697 5,237 9,332 2,942 12,516 369 Turkmenistan … … … … … 24,000 … … … … 2,523 1,118 6,437 … 1,779 17 United Arab Emirates … … … … … 1,088 … … 121 … … … … 8,662 14,314 3,734 Uzbekistan … … … … … 81,600 … … … … 4,126 2,163 18,428 … 1,588 83 Viet Nam 41 11 29 7 … 215,628 18,116 4,772 … … 2,600 4,376 2,682 2,139 5,050 217 Yemen 126 24 43 8 … 67,000 … … 34 … … … … 377 995 60 EUROPE Albania 24 24 8 8 9 18,000 197 … 11 70 447 89 32 … 189 0 Austria 125 2 704 13 11 133,718 82,330 26,411 421 545 5,801 8,375 19,047 … 7,619 502 Belarus 47 11 73 17 17 93,055 10,739 12,710 61 168 5,498 13,893 40,331 … 274 1 Belgium 137 3 672 13 … 149,757 118,340 32,450 423 527 3,536 8,676 8,725 7,293 3,265 713 Bosnia and Herzegovina … … 232 19 … 21,846 … 332 114 … 1,032 53 293 … 73 0 Bulgaria 30 4 88 12 13 102,016 8,596 … 163 335 4,259 2,628 5,212 … 476 3 Croatia 167 7 339 15 14 28,588 3,716 8,241 … 324 2,726 1,213 2,733 … 1,336 2 Czech Republic 80 3 368 13 14 127,672 90,055 475 246 391 9,511 6,553 16,214 … 4,219 41 Denmark 44 2 185 10 7 71,847 61,258 17,766 368 424 2,141 5,390 1,888 998 6,429 175 Est<strong>on</strong>ia 32 4 106 15 13 56,849 2,299 6,364 211 386 959 192 9,567 … 510 1 Finland 39 2 181 8 7 78,216 67,300 27,800 441 450 5,741 3,352 10,105 1,308 7,201 325 France 56 3 291 14 9 891,290 744,900 266,500 494 596 29,246 74,014 45,121 3,947 48,583 5,584 Germany 108 2 602 11 7 231,581 1,062,700 227,197 405 578 34,729 70,286 77,640 12,458 82,156 8,064 Greece 61 4 302 20 15 116,470 5,889 18,360 248 435 2,449 1,668 588 1,878 9,277 58 Hungary 81 5 234 13 13 159,568 13,300 12,505 212 313 8,000 7,380 8,713 … 2,546 24 Iceland 108 1 576 4 8 … … … … … … … … … … … Ireland 73 3 271 13 10 95,736 39,440 6,500 270 447 1,919 1,582 399 925 34,783 124 Italy 75 2 460 11 12 479,688 759,200 184,756 529 610 16,235 46,768 21,581 8,473 35,932 1,393 Latvia 89 11 174 22 22 69,919 2,550 2,324 135 329 2,270 810 16,877 … 594 1 Liechtenstein … … … … 17 … … … … … … … … … … … Lithuania 58 7 141 18 21 78,893 20,982 11,462 160 397 1,782 443 11,637 … 448 1 Luxembourg 60 3 370 17 11 … … … … … … … … … … … Malta … … 198 4 3 … … … … … … … … … … … Netherlands 14 2 67 7 5 116,500 193,900 481 405 427 2,811 14,097 4,026 8,482 25,304 4,773 Norway 53 1 274 6 6 91,916 56,573 13,614 458 527 4,077 2,477 2,668 … 13,230 177 Poland 63 6 185 17 15 423,997 29,996 85,989 168 354 19,576 18,626 47,847 428 3,493 77 Portugal 154 5 671 21 11 72,600 98,328 20,470 222 463 2,849 3,415 2,675 866 9,052 237 Republic of Moldova … … 71 13 9 12,730 1,640 1,577 53 78 1,120 355 2,715 … 201 1 Romania 25 9 34 13 17 198,817 5,283 25,350 72 168 10,844 8,633 14,262 … 1,338 5 Russian Federati<strong>on</strong> 101 14 141 20 24 537,289 164 5,702 87 174 85,542 157,100 1,664,300 1,368 25,949 1,416 Serbia and M<strong>on</strong>tenegro 97 7 180 12 9 45,290 … … 137 … 3,809 … … … 1,414 6 Slovakia 90 5 218 12 11 42,993 32,981 16,859 194 286 3,660 2,227 9,675 … 825 0 Slovenia 100 5 390 20 14 38,400 1,065 6,305 306 490 1,229 764 3,462 … 765 3 Spain 65 3 316 14 12 666,292 397,117 132,868 360 558 14,395 20,237 14,117 7,810 45,529 1,043 Sweden 49 1 235 6 5 424,981 105,834 37,048 464 504 9,895 5,544 13,122 934 11,539 257 Switzerland 62 1 375 9 7 71,220 94,622 26,100 491 553 3,378 12,869 9,313 … 9,279 1,090 TFYR Maced<strong>on</strong>ia 112 5 172 8 8 8,684 … … 132 … 699 94 426 … 211 0 Ukraine … … 37 6 15 169,739 40,131 24,387 63 137 22,011 51,726 233,961 … 1,924 23 United Kingdom 132 1 539 6 5 392,342 666,000 159,000 400 442 16,514 42,626 20,700 7,481 86,055 5,698 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN Argentina 4 12 6 18 … 215,471 … … 181 181 35,754 … … 1,252 6,851 115 Bahamas 124 4 563 18 … … … … … … … … … … … … Barbados 334 4 691 9 … … … … … … … … … … … … Belize 349 34 317 31 … … … … … … … … … … … … Bolivia 48 5 27 3 … 60,762 … … 41 10 3,698 … … … 1,853 24 Brazil 124 10 200 17 … 1,724,929 … … 88 170 30,403 … … 5,059 35,264 1,499 Chile 323 12 364 13 … 79,604 … … 81 136 2,035 820 1,935 1,474 5,464 1,094 Colombia 366 55 140 21 … 112,988 … … 39 51 3,154 … … 1,073 8,965 1,079 Costa Rica 225 5 311 8 … 35,889 … … 87 185 848 … … 734 884 10 Cuba 132 20 85 13 … 60,856 … … 37 … 4,382 … … … 773 33 Dominican Republic … … … … … 12,600 … … 75 … 1,743 … … 537 … … Ecuador 120 21 54 10 … 43,197 10,276 5,170 35 53 966 … … 564 478 1 El Salvador 404 31 148 11 … 10,029 … … 33 … 283 … … … 2,535 25
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ENHANCING URBAN SAFETY AND SECURITY
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First published by Earthscan in the
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INTRODUCTION Enhancing Urban Safety
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The preparation of
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1 CHAPTER CURRENT THREATS TO URBAN
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308 Summary of case studies tions w
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310 Summary of case studies environ
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INDEX ACHR (Asian Coalition for Hou
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Index 435 security of tenure 134 co
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Index 437 domestic abuse see intima
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Index 439 hazard management 169 haz
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Index 441 Kosovo, security of tenur
- Page 477 and 478:
Index 443 participation 38, 296-299
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Index 445 individual 34-35 municipa
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Index 447 gun ownership 78 Homeless