Global Report on Human Settlements 2007 - PoA-ISS

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392 Enhancing Urban Safety and Security TABLE C.1 continued United States of America Oklahoma City 711 729 748 773 811 850 0.51 0.51 0.66 0.95 0.94 0.37 0.31 United States of America Orlando 893 1,020 1,165 1,306 1,397 1,461 2.66 2.66 2.28 1.35 0.90 0.46 0.54 United States of America Philadelphia 4,725 4,938 5,160 5,392 5,615 5,806 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.81 0.67 2.46 2.13 United States of America Phoenix-Mesa 2,025 2,437 2,934 3,416 3,677 3,822 3.71 3.71 3.04 1.47 0.78 1.05 1.40 United States of America Pittsburgh 1,681 1,717 1,755 1,806 1,883 1,962 0.43 0.43 0.58 0.84 0.82 0.87 0.72 United States of America Portland 1,181 1,372 1,595 1,810 1,941 2,025 3.01 3.01 2.53 1.39 0.85 0.61 0.74 United States of America Providence 1,047 1,111 1,178 1,248 1,314 1,374 1.18 1.18 1.15 1.04 0.88 0.54 0.50 United States of America Richmond 696 757 822 888 942 987 1.66 1.66 1.53 1.18 0.93 0.36 0.36 United States of America Riverside-San Bernardino 1,178 1,336 1,516 1,690 1,803 1,882 2.53 2.53 2.17 1.30 0.86 0.61 0.69 United States of America Sacramento 1,104 1,244 1,402 1,555 1,657 1,731 2.39 2.39 2.07 1.28 0.87 0.57 0.64 United States of America Salt Lake City 792 840 890 943 995 1,042 1.17 1.17 1.16 1.07 0.92 0.41 0.38 United States of America San Antonio 1,134 1,229 1,333 1,436 1,518 1,585 1.62 1.62 1.49 1.12 0.87 0.59 0.58 United States of America San Diego 2,356 2,514 2,683 2,852 2,994 3,110 1.30 1.30 1.22 0.97 0.77 1.22 1.14 United States of America San Francisco-Oakland 2,961 3,095 3,236 3,385 3,534 3,666 0.89 0.89 0.90 0.86 0.74 1.54 1.35 United States of America San Jose 1,376 1,457 1,543 1,631 1,715 1,789 1.14 1.14 1.12 1.00 0.84 0.72 0.66 United States of America Seattle 2,206 2,453 2,727 2,989 3,165 3,289 2.12 2.12 1.84 1.14 0.77 1.15 1.21 United States of America St. Louis 1,950 2,014 2,081 2,159 2,254 2,346 0.65 0.65 0.74 0.86 0.79 1.01 0.86 United States of America Tampa-St. Petersburg 1,717 1,886 2,072 2,252 2,383 2,481 1.88 1.88 1.67 1.12 0.81 0.89 0.91 United States of America Tucson 582 649 724 798 852 893 2.18 2.18 1.93 1.31 0.96 0.30 0.33 United States of America Virginia Beach 1,286 1,341 1,397 1,460 1,531 1,598 0.83 0.83 0.88 0.95 0.85 0.67 0.59 United States of America Washington, D.C. 3,376 3,651 3,949 4,238 4,451 4,613 1.57 1.57 1.41 0.98 0.71 1.76 1.69 OCEANIA Australia Adelaide 1,046 1,074 1,102 1,134 1,179 1,230 0.53 0.51 0.58 0.77 0.84 7.26 6.15 Australia Brisbane 1,329 1,486 1,624 1,758 1,866 1,946 2.24 1.77 1.59 1.19 0.84 9.22 9.73 Australia Melbourne 3,117 3,257 3,433 3,626 3,796 3,933 0.88 1.05 1.10 0.91 0.71 21.63 19.66 Australia Perth 1,160 1,273 1,373 1,474 1,560 1,627 1.87 1.51 1.42 1.13 0.85 8.05 8.14 Australia Sydney 3,632 3,839 4,078 4,331 4,540 4,701 1.11 1.21 1.20 0.95 0.70 25.20 23.50 Austria Wien (Vienna) 2,096 2,127 2,158 2,260 2,352 2,379 0.29 0.29 0.92 0.80 0.24 41.22 42.40 New Zealand Auckland 870 976 1,063 1,148 1,208 1,240 2.30 1.71 1.55 1.01 0.53 30.09 32.99 Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2006 Notes: (1) As of 1 July 1997, Hong Kong became a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China. (2) Including Santos. (3) Including Joinville. Estimates Annual rate Share in urban and Projections of change population (000) (%) (%) 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 1990– 1995– 2000– 2005– 2010– 1990 2015 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Data tables 393 TABLE C.2 Population of Capital Cities (2005) AFRICA (000) (000) (000) Algeria El Djazaïr (Algiers) 3,200 Ethiopia Addis Ababa 2,893 Réunion Saint-Denis 137 Angola Luanda 2,766 Gabon Libreville 556 Rwanda Kigali 779 Benin Cotonou 1 719 Gambia Banjul 381 Saint Helena Jamestown 1 Benin Porto-Novo 1 242 Ghana Accra 1,981 São Tomé and Príncipe São Tomé 4,193 Botswana Gaborone 210 Guinea Conakry 1,425 Senegal Dakar 1,106 Burkina Faso Ouagadougou 926 Guinea-Bissau Bissau 367 Seychelles Victoria 799 Burundi Bujumbura 447 Kenya Nairobi 2,773 Sierra Leone Freetown 4,326 Cameroon Yaoundé 1,485 Lesotho Maseru 172 Somalia Muqdisho (Mogadishu) 400 Cape Verde Praia 117 Liberia Monrovia 936 South Africa Bloemfontein 3 3,083 Central African RepublicBangui 541 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Tarabulus (Tripoli) 2,098 South Africa Cape Town 3 1,271 Chad N’Djaména 888 Madagascar Antananarivo 1,585 South Africa Pretoria 3 5,608 Comoros Moroni 44 Malawi Lilongwe 676 Sudan Al-Khartum (Khartoum) 4,518 Congo Brazzaville 1,173 Mali Bamako 1,368 Swaziland Mbabane 4 73 Côte d’Ivoire Abidjan 2 3,577 Mauritania Nouakchott 637 Togo Lomé 1,337 Côte d’Ivoire Yamoussoukro 2 490 Mauritius Port Louis 146 Tunisia Tunis 734 Dem. Republic Morocco Rabat 1,647 Uganda Kampala 1,319 of the Congo Kinshasa 6,049 Mozambique Maputo 1,320 United Republic of Djibouti Djibouti 555 Namibia Windhoek 289 Tanzania Dodoma 168 Egypt Al-Qahirah (Cairo) 11,128 Niger Niamey 850 Western Sahara El Aaiún 185 Equatorial Guinea Malabo 96 Nigeria Abuja 612 Zambia Lusaka 1,260 Eritrea Asmera 551 Zimbabwe Harare 1,515 ASIA (000) (000) (000) Afghanistan Kabul 2,994 Iraq Baghdad 5,904 Philippines Manila 10,686 Armenia Yerevan 1,103 Israel Jerusalem 711 Qatar Ad-Dawhah (Doha) 357 Azerbaijan Baku 1,856 Japan Tokyo 35,197 Republic of Korea Soul (Seoul) 9,645 Bahrain Al-Manamah (Manama) 162 Jordan Amman 1,292 Saudi Arabia Ar-Riyadh (Riyadh) 2,159 Bangladesh Dhaka 12,430 Kazakhstan Astana 331 Singapore Singapore 424 Bhutan Thimphu 85 Kuwait Al Kuwayt (Kuwait City) 1,810 Sri Lanka Colombo 9 119 Brunei Darussalam Bandar Seri Begawan 64 Kyrgyzstan Bishkek 798 Sri Lanka Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte 9 26 Cambodia Phnum Pénh (Phnom Penh) 1,364 Lao People’s Dem. Vientiane 702 Syrian Arab Republic Dimashq (Damascus) 2,272 China Beijing 10,717 Republic Lebanon Bayrut (Beirut) 1,777 Tajikistan Dushanbe 549 China, Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong 5 7,041 Malaysia Kuala Lumpur 8 1,405 Thailand Krung Thep (Bangkok) 6,593 China, Macao SAR Macao 6 460 Maldives Male 89 Timor-Leste Dili 156 Cyprus Lefkosia (Nicosia) 211 Mongolia Ulaanbaatar 863 Turkey Ankara 3,573 Dem. People’s Myanmar Rangoon 4,107 Turkmenistan Ashgabat 711 Republic of Korea P’yongyang 3,351 Nepal Kathmandu 815 United Arab Emirates Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) 597 Georgia Tbilisi 1,047 Occupied Uzbekistan Tashkent 2,181 India Delhi 7 15,048 Palestinian Territory Ramallah 63 Viet Nam Hà Noi 4,164 Indonesia Jakarta 13,215 Oman Masqat 565 Yemen Sana’a’ 1,801 Iran (Islamic Republic of) Tehran 7,314 Pakistan Islamabad 736 EUROPE (000) (000) (000) Albania Tiranë (Tirana) 388 Gibraltar Gibraltar 28 Norway Oslo 802 Andorra Andorra la Vella 22 Greece Athínai (Athens) 3,230 Poland Warszawa (Warsaw) 1,680 Austria Wien (Vienna) 2,260 Holy See Vatican City 1 Portugal Lisboa (Lisbon) 2,761 Belarus Minsk 1,778 Hungary Budapest 1,693 Republic of Moldova Chisinau 598 Belgium Bruxelles-Brussel 1,012 Iceland Reykjavík 185 Romania Bucuresti (Bucharest) 1,934 Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajevo 380 Ireland Dublin 1,037 Russian Federation Moskva (Moscow) 10,654 Bulgaria Sofiya (Sofia) 1,093 Isle of Man Douglas 27 San Marino San Marino 57 Channel Islands St. Helier 29 Italy Roma (Rome) 3,348 Serbia and Montenegro Beograd (Belgrade) 25 Croatia Zagreb 689 Latvia Riga 729 Slovakia Bratislava 263 Czech Republic Praha (Prague) 1,171 Liechtenstein Vaduz 5 Slovenia Ljubljana 61 Denmark København (Copenhagen) 1,088 Lithuania Vilnius 553 Spain Madrid 652 Estonia Tallinn 392 Luxembourg Luxembourg-Ville 77 Sweden Stockholm 1,708 Faeroe Islands Tórshavn 18 Malta Valletta 210 Switzerland Bern 357 Finland Helsinki 1,091 Monaco Monaco 35 TFYR Macedonia Skopje 11 475 France Paris 9,820 Netherlands Amsterdam 10 1,147 Ukraine Kyiv (Kiev) 2,672 Germany Berlin 3,389 Netherlands The Hague 10 729 United Kingdom London 8,505 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN (000) (000) (000) Anguilla The Valley 1 French Guiana Cayenne 59 Saint Lucia Castries 13 Antigua and Barbuda St. John’s 32 Grenada St.George’s 32 Saint Vincent and Kingstown 41 Argentina Buenos Aires 12,550 Guadeloupe Pointe-à-Pitre 19 the Grenadines Aruba Oranjestad 30 Guatemala Ciudad de Guatemala 984 Suriname Paramaribo 268 Bahamas Nassau 233 (Guatemala City) Trinidad and Tobago Port of Spain 52 Barbados Bridgetown 142 Guyana Georgetown 134 Turks and Caicos Islands Grand Turk 4 Belize Belmopan 14 Haiti Port-au-Prince 2,129 United States Virgin Charlotte Amalie 52 Bolivia La Paz 12 1,527 Honduras Tegucigalpa 927 Islands Bolivia Sucre 12 227 Jamaica Kingston 576 Uruguay Montevideo 1,264 Brazil Brasília 3,341 Martinique Fort-de-France 91 Venezuela Caracas 2,913 British Virgin Islands Road Town 13 Mexico Ciudad de México 19,411 Cayman Islands George Town 26 (Mexico City) Chile Santiago 5,683 Montserrat Brades Estate 13 1 Colombia Santa Fé de Bogotá 7,747 Montserrat Plymouth 13 0 Costa Rica San José 1,217 Netherlands Antilles Willemstad 125 Cuba La Habana (Havana) 2,189 Nicaragua Managua 1,165 Dominica Roseau 14 Panama Ciudad de Panamá 1,216 Dominican Republic Santo Domingo 2,022 (Panama City) Ecuador Quito 1,514 Paraguay Asunción 1,858 El Salvador San Salvador 1,517 Peru Lima 7,186 Falkland Islands Stanley 2 Puerto Rico San Juan 2,605 (Malvinas) Saint Kitts and Nevis Basseterre 13
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ENHANCING URBAN SAFETY AND SECURITY
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First published by Earthscan in the
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INTRODUCTION Enhancing Urban Safety
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The preparation of
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x Enhancing Urban Safety and Securi
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xvi Enhancing Urban Safety and Secu
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xviii Enhancing Urban Safety and Se
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LIST OF FIGURES, BOXES AND TABLES F
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xxviii Enhancing Urban Safety and S
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xxx Enhancing Urban Safety and Secu
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xxxii Enhancing Urban Safety and Se
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4 Understanding Urban Safety and Se
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1 CHAPTER CURRENT THREATS TO URBAN
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Current threats to urban safety and
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2 CHAPTER VULNERABILITY, RISK AND R
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Vulnerability, risk and resilience:
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29 simply ‘give up’ in the face
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46 Urban crime and violence Box II.
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48 Urban crime and violence it has
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50 Urban crime and violence Formal
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52 Urban crime and violence Contact
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54 Urban crime and violence Per 100
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56 Urban crime and violence Burglar
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58 Urban crime and violence Percent
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60 Urban crime and violence Figure
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62 Urban crime and violence Table 3
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64 Urban crime and violence Youth g
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68 Urban crime and violence Type of
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70 Urban crime and violence From a
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72 Urban crime and violence One vio
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74 Urban crime and violence High ho
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76 Urban crime and violence Abused
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78 Urban crime and violence General
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82 Urban crime and violence porate
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4 CHAPTER URBAN CRIME AND VIOLENCE:
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86 Urban crime and violence UN-Habi
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88 Urban crime and violence Box 4.2
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90 Urban crime and violence Box 4.4
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92 Urban crime and violence Legisla
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94 Urban crime and violence above w
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96 Urban crime and violence Campaig
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98 Urban crime and violence Availab
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100 Urban crime and violence Box 4.
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102 Urban crime and violence In som
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104 Urban crime and violence Initia
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106 Urban crime and violence The mo
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108 Urban crime and violence Vander
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112 Security of tenure Box III.1 Se
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5 CHAPTER SECURITY OF TENURE: CONDI
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116 Security of tenure Table 5.1 A
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118 Security of tenure Fully legal
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120 Security of tenure Box 5.4 Secu
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122 Security of tenure Urban tenure
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124 Security of tenure At least 2 m
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126 Security of tenure Market-based
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128 Security of tenure Box 5.11 Urb
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130 Security of tenure Operation Mu
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132 Security of tenure Control of l
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134 Security of tenure Box 5.18 Sec
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136 Security of tenure NOTES 1 Habi
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138 Security of tenure Box 6.1 The
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140 Security of tenure It would be
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142 Security of tenure Box 6.7 Land
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144 Security of tenure Box 6.10 Wha
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146 Security of tenure Box 6.12 Evi
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148 Security of tenure Box 6.15 Con
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150 Security of tenure Box 6.18 Vio
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152 Security of tenure The
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154 Security of tenure Box 6.24 Lan
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156 Security of tenure The state is
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158 Security of tenure Housing righ
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Over the last three decades, natura
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Introduction 165 One of the key tre
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7 CHAPTER DISASTER RISK: CONDITIONS
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Disaster risk: Conditions, trends a
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8 CHAPTER POLICY RESPONSES TO DISAS
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Policy responses to disaster risk 1
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220 Natural and human-made disaster
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236 Towards safer and more secure c
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12 CHAPTER MITIGATING THE IMPACTS O
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304 Summary of case studies Since i
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306 Summary of case studies • The
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308 Summary of case studies tions w
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310 Summary of case studies environ
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312 Summary of case studies others.
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314 Summary of case studies purpose
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316 Summary of case studies These e
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318 Summary of case studies develop
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320 Summary of case studies tion ex
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322 Summary of case studies Housing
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324 Summary of case studies Prolong
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326 Summary of case studies momentu
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330 Statistical annex Islands, Micr
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332 Statistical annex NOMENCLATURE
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334 Statistical annex Population, u
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336 Statistical annex SOURCES OF DA
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Index 443 participation 38, 296-299
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Index 445 individual 34-35 municipa
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Index 447 gun ownership 78 Homeless
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