ARHIVELE OLTENIEI - Universitatea din Craiova

148Iustina Burciother lexical microsystems 3 ), the terminology regarding the professionsconcerned equally the linguist, the ethnographer, the sociologist or thearchaeologist. If getting together all the data offered by these domains, we willhave the complete image of the professions of the Romanian people, during theirexistence, and their research will offer us the picture of their territorial spreadingand their diversity.Most of the traditional occupations were in a tight connection with thedaily necessities of the people. Gradually, from these occupations emerged newones, imposed by the evolution of the society. One of the main causes thatconstituted the basis of the diversification was the fashion. It caused theapparition of some new specializations, for example in the guild of the leatherprocessors, (where the most numerous were the curriers and the furriers): thus,in the documents will be registered, in time, the calpacci (manufacturers orsellers of calpace “fur caps, rain bonnets”), the imingii (those who made shoesfrom goat skin, colored in yellow, worn by the boyars), the işlicari (those whomade or sold işlice, “fur hats for boyars”) 4 etc.The developing of some professions necessitated the existence of somenatural factors (for being a potter and a miller one needed, in the first case acertain type of clay, and in the second one the water courses, in order to buildthe fulling machines and the mills), and also administrative and social factors. Ifmost of them were practiced, on a large scale, and the products were used by thehigh majority of the people, and others were practiced on a small scale andamong the beneficiaries were only a small group of people (or only one person).We are referring to the functions and the professions inside the courts. Thespecial statute of the rulers and of their suite necessitated the existence of somespecial professions. Thus, besides the common handicraftsmen – goldsmiths,barbers, furriers, coppersmiths, shepherds, shoemakers, pastry cookers, skinners,tailors, coopers, carpenters, blacksmiths, potters, curriers, shoeing smiths, beekeepers, wheelwrights, sword makers, saddle makers, shingle splitters, adzemakers, cow herders, house painters etc, who had carried on their activity insideand outside the court 5 , for the common persons – in this space were foundpeople who were in the service of the ruler or of the high officials.Running through a part of document collections 6 , existing in thearchives, we found the next occupations that we will expose below, inalphabetical order:3 Maria Dobre, Mărturii onomastice privind terminologia unor vechi meserii, in „Studiide onomastică”, V, Cluj-Napoca, 1990, p. 315.4 Ştefan Olteanu, Constantin Şerban, Meşteşugurile din Ţara Românească şi Moldova înevul mediu, Bucureşti, 1969, p. 269; Gh. Iordache, Mărturii etno-lingvistice despre vechimeameseriilor, Craiova, Scrisul Românesc, 1980, p. 118, 119.5 In this case we can only presume that they were the best in their professions.6 Gh. Bulgăr, Gh. Constantinescu-Dobridor, Dicţionar de arhaisme şi regionalisme,Bucureşti, The Saeculum Publishing House, 2000; Olimpia Ghimpu, Cuvinte rare la sfârşitulsecolului al XV-lea pe baza actelor emise din cancelarie la voievodatele româneşti, Hrisovul II,