ARHIVELE OLTENIEI - Universitatea din Craiova

The Romanian legislation between 1949-1952 – an unconditional base of the collectivization 95socialist one, which had the most important role in national economy, b) anotherone that consisted of the small production of merchandise, and c) the private,capitalist sector.The cooperatist property was “the common property of the collectiveagricultural farms”, the small production of merchandise was represent by“private property based on the producer’s own work” (the small and mediumfarm of the peasants and the craftsmen’s workshops), and the private capitalistproperty, were the state leaders were supposed to apply, “the policy of limitingand eliminating the capitalist elements” (art. 11, chapter I). This impliedunnationalized enterprises (art. 11, chapter I).Both the Constitution of 1948 and that of 1952 introduced in Romania’ssocio-economic life the principle of guiding and planning national economy thatunavoidably led to the absolute control of the state party. At the same time, thefundamental law of 1952 clearly state the function of repressing, within the state,of “the enemies of the working people”, which permitted in fact the physicalexterminations of the opponents and of all those that were considered opponents.The problem of the nationalization of the land had a special theoreticand practical meaning in the transition from capitalism to socialism. Accordingto the Marxist-Leninist-Stalinist conception, the nationalization of the land wasone of the important parts of the “proletarian revolution”, as socialism wouldhave been impossible without it. However, throughout the setting up of theprocess, a serious of problem occurred.The Socialist revolution of October 1917 solved the “the issue ofcleaning the agrarian relations of the remains of the Middle Ages, through theseizure of landowner’s properties and the nationalization of the entire land” 4 ,from the beginning of the revolution. As a consequence, in the Soviet Union, thesocialist transformation of agriculture” started and was developed in the absenceof private property on land. In Romania, as in the other popular democratcountries, the transition from capitalism to socialism was characterized by thefact that the elimination of landowners and of the feudal system of agriculturewas done through the seizure of landowners’ property and the apportionment ofland to peasants.In Romania, the nationalization of the entire land was accomplishedboth through direct and indirect means. Both Lenin and his continuator, Stalin,emphasizing the importance of the nationalization of the land from the verybeginning, said that this way is not compulsory for all the countries where theproletarians take the power in their hands. Lenin said that the nationalization ofthe land is “impossible when dealing with a fierce class struggle between theproletariat and the bourgeoisie” 5 . In 1928, Stalin took a stand for gradualnationalization of the land, because that was “the only way in which the agrarian4 C. Murgescu, Reforma Agară din 1945, Bucureşti, 1956, p. 1857.5 V.I. Lenin, Opere, vol. 13, Bucureşti, 1953, p. 220.