REPORT ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY

social contexts, face difficulties in sharing imaginative play or in making friends and
absence of interest in peers.
B. Restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests, or activities (as
manifested by at least two of the following)
Firstly, they have stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or
speech such as lining up toys or flipping objects and also echolalia. Besides, one
insistence on sameness or inflexible adherence to routines, or ritualized patterns of
verbal or nonverbal behaviour. For example, they feel extreme distress at small
changes, difficulties with transitions, rigid thinking patterns, greeting rituals, need to
take same route or eat same food every day. Thirdly, they highly restricted, fixated
interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus. For example, one has strong
attachment to or preoccupation with unusual objects, excessively circumscribed or
perseverative interests. Those interest includes pain, temperature, specific sounds,
textures, excessive smelling, touching and lights.
Further more, there are some certain criteria which is symptoms must be
present in the early developmental period. Next, symptoms cause clinically significant
impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of current functioning.
Also, these disturbances are not better explained by intellectual disability.
3.4 Impact on Functionality
There are three level of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The lower the level,
the less support someone may need. For example, people with level 1 autism are
milder and may not need much support. Instead, people with level 2 or level 3 autism
have moderate to severe symptoms and need more support.
Although these levels can provide more accurate diagnostic instructions, they
are not perfect. Some people seem unsuitable for one of these three levels. The
symptoms of autism also change with time, and become more or less severe.
Level 1 autism -people with level 1 autism often have obvious problems with
communication skills and socializing with others. They can usually talk, but it may be
difficult to maintain jokes back and forth. Others at this level may find it difficult to
16