REPORT ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY

1.0 Intellectual Disability
Before the official term of intellectual disability or intellectual developmental
disorder was introduced worldwide, the term mental retardation was once used until it
was substituted because an act of law in the United States was passed. According to
the American Psychiatric Association’s (2013), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) recognised one of the types of
Neurodevelopmental Disorders with the term of intellectual disability whereas World
Health Organization (2019) uses an equivalent term of intellectual developmental
disorder in the International Classification of Diseases (11th ed.; ICD-11). In DSM-5,
mostly the diagnostic term that is used is the intellectual disability but both the terms
were used in the title for the clarification purpose towards different classification
systems. Nowadays, both of the terms are used worldwide in majors.
Since childhood, a disorder that is diagnosed in which relates to the deficits in
three majors domains which include the conceptual, social, and practical in intellectual
and adaptive functioning is known as intellectual disability (APA, 2013). In another
way of saying, the meaning of intellectual disability can be simplified and explained as
the deficit that started to exist and become significant in which it begins affecting the
intellectual and the degree of accommodation of a person in three different aspects that
related to mental concepts, social interaction and the way to use and adapt it into the
real life.
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