04.06.2013 Views

Elemente de algebra liniara.pdf

Elemente de algebra liniara.pdf

Elemente de algebra liniara.pdf

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.

116 <strong>Elemente</strong> <strong>de</strong> algebră liniară<br />

<strong>de</strong> trecere <strong>de</strong> la B la B ′ . Relat¸iile e ′ j = 3 i=1 αijei ¸si x= 3 i=1 xiei = 3 j=1 x ′ j e′ j conduc<br />

la relat¸ia<br />

3 3<br />

xiei = x<br />

i=1 j=1<br />

′ je ′ 3<br />

j = x<br />

j=1<br />

′ ⎛<br />

3<br />

3 3<br />

j αijei = ⎝ αijx<br />

i=1 i=1 j=1<br />

′ ⎞<br />

⎠<br />

j ei<br />

echivalentă cu ⎧ ⎪⎨<br />

⎪⎩<br />

x1 = α11 x ′ 1 + α12 x ′ 2 + α13 x ′ 3<br />

x2 = α21 x ′ 1 + α22 x ′ 2 + α23 x ′ 3<br />

x1 = α31 x ′ 1 + α32 x ′ 2 + α33 x ′ 3 .<br />

Numerele αij pot fi imediat i<strong>de</strong>ntificate dacă folosind relat¸iile (5.2) exprimăm x1,<br />

x2, x3 cu ajutorul coordonatelor x ′ 1 , x′ 2 , x′ 3<br />

⎧<br />

⎪⎨ x1 = x ′ 1 + x′ 2 + 3x′ 3<br />

Se obt¸ine<br />

⎪⎩<br />

x2 = x ′ 2 + x′ 3<br />

x3 = x ′ 3<br />

S =<br />

⎛<br />

⎜<br />

⎝<br />

1 1 3<br />

0 1 1<br />

0 0 1<br />

ceea ce conduce la B ′ = {e ′ 1 = (1, 0, 0), e′ 2 = (1, 1, 0), e′ 3<br />

această bază Q are forma canonică<br />

⎞<br />

⎟<br />

⎠<br />

Q(x) = x ′ 2 ′ 2 ′ 2<br />

1 + 2x 2 − 5x 3 .<br />

Exercit¸iul 5.3 Să se reducă la forma canonică forma pătratică<br />

indicând ¸si baza utilizată.<br />

Q : R 3 −→ R, Q(x1, x2, x3) = x1x2 + x1x3 + x2x3<br />

Rezolvare. Efectuăm mai întâi schimbarea <strong>de</strong> coordonate<br />

⎧<br />

⎪⎨<br />

care conduce la<br />

⎪⎩<br />

x1 = x ′ 1 + x′ 2<br />

x2 = x ′ 1 − x′ 2<br />

x3 = x ′ 3<br />

Q(x) = x ′ 2 ′ 2 ′<br />

1 − x 2 + 2x 1x ′ 3<br />

= (3, 1, 1)}. In raport cu

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!