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Elemente de algebra liniara.pdf

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Capitolul 4<br />

Spat¸ii vectoriale euclidiene<br />

4.1 Definit¸ie ¸si exemple<br />

Definit¸ia 4.1 Fie V un spat¸iu vectorial real (adică K = R). Prin produs scalar<br />

pe V se int¸elege o aplicat¸ie<br />

astfel incât<br />

〈, 〉 : V × V −→ R<br />

a) 〈αx + βy, z〉 = α〈x, z〉 + β〈y, z〉, ∀x, y ∈ V ¸si ∀α, β ∈ R<br />

b) 〈x, y〉 = 〈y, x〉, ∀x, y ∈ V<br />

c) 〈x, x〉 ≥ 0, ∀x ∈ V ¸si<br />

〈x, x〉 = 0 dacă ¸si numai dacă x = 0.<br />

Un spat¸iu vectorial real consi<strong>de</strong>rat împreună cu un produs scalar fixat este numit<br />

spat¸iu vectorial euclidian real.<br />

Definit¸ia 4.2 Fie V un spat¸iu vectorial complex (adică K = C). Prin produs<br />

scalar pe V se int¸elege o aplicat¸ie<br />

astfel incât<br />

〈, 〉 : V × V −→ C<br />

a) 〈αx + βy, z〉 = α〈x, z〉 + β〈y, z〉, ∀x, y ∈ V ¸si ∀α, β ∈ C<br />

b) 〈x, y〉 = 〈y, x〉, ∀x, y ∈ V<br />

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