Exploring the Unknown - NASA's History Office

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498 SPACE AS AN INVESTMENT IN ECONOMIC GROWTH competition is not a factor in selection, but value to the Government is. In Phase II, embodying the principal research effort, awards will be made to Phase I contractors whose work shows promise of producing something of value for the agency in terms of technical merit and feasibility. Special consideration will be given to proposals which demonstrate funding commitments to development of commercial application of the idea. Phase II awards are expected to be in amounts of up to $500,000 for a period of performance, generally, not to exceed 24 months. In both Phase I and II contracts, a profit or fee may be included. Phase III, hopefully, will involve private market funding support of contractor efforts with ultimate commercialization of the product or service. In order to be eligible to propose, a contractor must be a small business. And, the proposer must be the primary source of employment of the principal investigator. However, some subcontracting is permitted in both phases and joint ventures are permitted and even encouraged, providing small business eligibility standards for the proposers are maintained. One of the most significant aspects of the SBIR contracts yet to be resolved is the exact nature of the data rights issue; neither the statute nor the SBA [Small Business Administration] have given clear guidance on this issue which must be resolved in a uniform manner throughout the SBIR program. An SBIR program was established at NASA Headquarters in the Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology to coordinate and handle the development of topics, and to conduct the selection process. Topics were proposed by the NASA field centers, evaluated and culled at Headquarters for inclusion in a topic list sent out with the solicitation. Evaluation and selection of winning proposals are accomplished through panels of NASA scientific and technical experts. Awards of contracts will be made by the SBIR office with the administration at the field center from which the topic originated. Initial first phase contract awards have been made. If this program proves successful, NASA may extend the concept beyond the original statutory requirements as an adjunct of its commercialization program. Document III-18 Document title: “Space Commercialization Meeting,” memo with agenda, participants, and outline of policy issues, The White House, August 3, 1983. Source: NASA Historical Reference Collection, NASA History Office, NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C. In 1983, the Reagan administration decided to encourage the private sector to invest in space research and commercialization and wanted to understand what government policies would provide the best climate for private investment in space. A meeting was held at the White House with business and government leaders to discuss measures that would stimulate private-sector industrial activity in space. This meeting was one of the first very high-level and visible signals from the government to business to plan for a new era in space of profit-making opportunities, manufacturing, and other activities. It was also a direct signal to business that the planned space station would be available for commercial opportunities and that to advance the plans for the station, the lobbying and support of the business sector would be important.
August 3, 1983 Space Commercialization Meeting Agenda 1. Introduction Craig L. Fuller 2. Welcome Edwin Meese III James M. Beggs 3. Review of Issue Outline Craig L. Fuller 4. Discussion of Commercial Space Issues All Participants 5. Lunch with the President All Participants 6. Summary All Participants Luncheon With the President Old Family Dining Room August 3, 1983 12 noon Participants Mr. John F. Yardley President, McDonnell Douglas Astronautics St. Louis, Missouri Mr. Maxime A. Faget President, Space Industries, Inc. Houston, Texas Mr. Robert A. Hanson Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Deere & Company Moline, Illinois Mr. Frederick W. Smith Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Federal Express Corporation Memphis, Tennessee Mr. George Jeffs President of North American Space Operations Rockwell International El Segundo, California Mr. George Skurla Chairman and President Grumman Aerospace Corporation Bethpage, New York EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 499
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Exploring Unknown the Selected Docu
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I-11 President John F. Kennedy to H
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II-2 S.M. Greenfield and W.W. Kello
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II-23 Arnold W. Frutkin, Memorandum
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II-46-II-48 Gregory W. Withee, Acti
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III-18 “Space Commercialization M
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Acknowledgments This volume is the
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Introduction One of the most import
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The editorial method we adopted for
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Joseph N. Pelton is a professor of
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GAO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Chapter One The History of Satellit
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 3 satellite f
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 5 different v
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 7 satellite s
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 9 This unique
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 11 technology
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 13 7. In the
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 15 16. The re
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applies only to the closest possibl
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 19 arrangemen
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 21 Conclusion
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entific and engineering work and to
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observations indicated strong refle
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 27 Oval-shape
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Number of Randomly Spaced Satellite
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Document I-4 Document Title: Memora
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 33 6. How can
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 35 RECOMMENDA
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[3] 2. SUMMARY OF TECHNICAL FEATURE
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[28] 7. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDAT
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 41 d. NASA’
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 43 [1] PUBLIC
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EXPERIMENTATION The Commission is e
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 47 During dis
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facilities in intercontinental comm
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Ground Transmitting Station at Holm
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 53 diodes, so
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 55 Bell Telep
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 57 Our estima
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 59 implicatio
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 61 as quickly
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 63 Commission
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 65 Document t
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 67 licenses,
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 69 opment of
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 71 any system
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In the end, the administration bill
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 75 program in
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your bill and some of the major asp
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 79 1934, as a
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 81 or appropr
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U.S.C. 310) [citation in margin:
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interest; and (iii) an evaluation o
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 87 ment on Ap
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 89 aspects of
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Document title: Memorandum from J.
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 93 tiated by
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cations satellite system rather tha
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___________________________________
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telegram are as follows: (A) Policy
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tems. Diversion of Government traff
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quality of services and charges for
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 105 tions is
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 107 A. Techno
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Report of the United States Delegat
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States, Vatican City State, Venezue
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 113 structure
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 115 U.S. posi
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 117 agreed th
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 119 VII. Futu
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 121 to explor
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 123 (b) to af
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 125 the natio
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 127 and Order
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 129 own stron
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 131 We are en
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 133 and meeti
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 135 Plumbrook
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cant background information and wor
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 139 Applicati
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earth terminals, high-gain satellit
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20 watts of power per kilogram. New
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 145 the devel
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No additional items were reviewed.
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Specifically, this report concludes
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[55] THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE Wash
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A memorandum of law concerning Arti
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156 OBSERVING THE EARTH FROM SPACE
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196 scanned from extreme altitudes
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198 winds, cumulus clouds that have
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200 bends back on itself with incre
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204 required for Project TIROS in e
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212 [1] [rubber stamped: “AUG 15
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214 These two letters, one from Con
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220 Budget Authority (BA) and Outla
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224 Document II-11 Document title:
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232 International Applications Area
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236 Agricultural Geographic Geologi
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240 that a number of important user
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242 [1] For the Record SAR/Robert G
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244 make every effort to ensure tha
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246 monitor the earth’s volcanoes
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250 with us in this area). Encourag
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254 the memorandum be explicitly br
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256 should officially participate i
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258 [1] APR 14, 1970 Honorable Walt
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260 One persuasive argument for cre
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262 General Assembly’s First Comm
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264 [1] July 24, 1974 Summary OBSER
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270 in the months following the lau
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274 their goals by making improved
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278 recommended that continuity of
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280 gap in data availability would
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282 ment—considering the budgetar
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284 vices required for a multipurpo
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286 and for maintaining archives of
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292 D. Conclusions and Consequences
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298 Assumptions This document was d
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304 training and technology transfe
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306 the payment of appropriate fees
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308 • The sub-issues that will ne
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314 development, either alone or in
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316 rity and foreign policy implica
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320 report or explicitly address th
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330 [no pagination] PUBLIC LAW 98-3
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344 AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS
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346 [no pagination] For Immediate R
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348 This management plan spells out
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350 funding adjustments as agreed t
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352 Includes: • Ground System Dev
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368 TITLE VI—PROHIBITION OF COMME
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370 Document II-42 Honorable George
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372 The Honorable John H. Gibbons A
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374 (b) Make government-owned Lands
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376 The letter from NOAA’s Gregor
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378 There is currently considerable
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380 7. During periods when national
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Chapter Three Space as an Investmen
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 387 However,
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 389 sectors o
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 391 the devel
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 393 during th
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 395 Internati
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 397 Committee
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 399 are not s
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still many hurdles for the space in
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[1] SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS EXPLORI
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 405 developme
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important role in raising funds for
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nomic growth. The focus was on aggr
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the quality of goods and services d
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findings indicated that most of the
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This study showed an overall seven-
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sible to forecast the impacts on ma
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Our formulation of γ is as follows
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 421 Table 4 I
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already shown above (Table 5) the m
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Significance of Findings Significan
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David Cross and I will be glad to d
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 429 • The d
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 431 [i] NASA
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 433 The major
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their momentous insight when they d
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The direct social impact of NASA co
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[32] Microwave Systems Internal Gas
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[34] Internal Gas Dynamics Telemetr
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Impact of NASA Combinations High Mo
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Percentage of Economic Impact Alrea
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e) A Special Mission Development Di
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“NASA Social Impact,” I have su
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flow of technology information to s
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1976. This figure includes net bene
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 557 It is imp
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 559 Document
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 561 earlier b
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Finally, the medical end use catego
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 565 (3) provi
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 567 Effective
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 569 [10] A br
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 571 [14] POLI
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 573 activitie
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NASA’s technology transfer progra
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 577 Tech Brie
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Ralph Braibanti joined the Departme
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F Philip J. Farley (1916- ) earned
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Lyndon B. Johnson (1908-1973) (D-TX
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M Leonard H. Marks was one of the o
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Robert C. Seamans, Jr. (1918- ), ha
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Robert M. White (1923- ) served as
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Bullington, Kenneth, 25 Bush, Georg
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Defense Satellite Communications Sy
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I Indiana University, 388 Initial D
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METOP satellite series, 166 Midwest
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O O’Connell, James D., 91-95, 99-
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and “Long-Term Prospects for Deve
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Reference Works, NASA SP-4000 The N
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SP-4207 not published. Compton, W.
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