Exploring the Unknown - NASA's History Office

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500 Mr. David Thompson President, Orbital Systems Corporation Vienna, Virginia Mr. David Hannah President, Space Services Incorporated Houston, Texas Mr. Oliver C. Boileau President, General Dynamics Corporation St. Louis, Missouri Dr. Klaus P. Heiss New York, New York Mr. John Latshaw Executive Vice President and Managing Director E.F. Hutton & Company, Inc. Kansas City, Missouri Dr. John W. Townsend, Jr. President Fairchild Space Company Germantown, Maryland Departments The Honorable James M. Beggs Administrator National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, D.C. The Honorable Clarence J. Brown Deputy Secretary-designate Department of Commerce Washington, D.C. Mr. Llewellyn Evans Assistant to the Associate Deputy Administrator National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, D.C. White House Staff Edwin Meese III Richard G. Darman Craig L. Fuller George A. Keyworth, II Gilbert D. Rye SPACE AS AN INVESTMENT IN ECONOMIC GROWTH
EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 501 Outline of Commercial Space Policy Issues 1. How does the Administration insure a consistent Federal space policy? 2. What constitutes a fair and favorable pricing policy? 3. What economic incentives should be considered to promote commercial space activity? • profit • tax credits • depreciation • low cost capital • free R&D flight time • risk sharing/risk reduction • insurance pools 4. What Federal funding/program commitments are important? • shuttle availability • space station: manned and unmanned • basic research 5. How will property rights be protected? • patent law • proprietary protections 6. What techniques should be used to expand the market for commercial space activities? • special government procurement policies • period of exclusivity for high risk, high-cost, high-benefit ventures • facilitate private sector access to government data • provide market guarantees for space products • heighten awareness about commercial space ventures 7. What is the appropriate role for NASA? • STS operations • research • regulator 8. What regulatory barriers exist that could retard commercial space development? • overlapping jurisdictions • unfavorable regulations 9. What national security issues affect commercial space ventures? • need to reexamine classification policies and procedures • reassess international space issues (technology transfer, foreign cooperative projects, etc.) given foreign competition Document III-19 Document title: Craig L. Fuller, The White House, Memorandum for the Cabinet Council on Commerce and Trade, “Commercial Space Initiatives,” April 10, 1984, with attached: “Private Enterprise in Space—An Industry View,” pp. iv–v. Source: Documentary History Collection, Space Policy Institute, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. This memo and the attached document (below is only the introduction) summarized a series of issue papers prepared by business and government interests. The White House was a strong supporter of space commercialization, and this memo detailed the initiatives that industry felt would be necessary for the government to begin opening space to business opportunities. Craig Fuller was a White House staff member for the Cabinet Council on Commerce and Trade who had a particular interest in space commercialization.
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Exploring Unknown the Selected Docu
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I-11 President John F. Kennedy to H
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II-2 S.M. Greenfield and W.W. Kello
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II-23 Arnold W. Frutkin, Memorandum
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II-46-II-48 Gregory W. Withee, Acti
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III-18 “Space Commercialization M
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Acknowledgments This volume is the
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Introduction One of the most import
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The editorial method we adopted for
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Joseph N. Pelton is a professor of
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GAO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Chapter One The History of Satellit
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 3 satellite f
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 5 different v
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 7 satellite s
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 9 This unique
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 11 technology
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 13 7. In the
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 15 16. The re
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applies only to the closest possibl
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 19 arrangemen
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 21 Conclusion
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entific and engineering work and to
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observations indicated strong refle
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 27 Oval-shape
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Number of Randomly Spaced Satellite
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Document I-4 Document Title: Memora
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 33 6. How can
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 35 RECOMMENDA
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[3] 2. SUMMARY OF TECHNICAL FEATURE
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[28] 7. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDAT
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 41 d. NASA’
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 43 [1] PUBLIC
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EXPERIMENTATION The Commission is e
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 47 During dis
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facilities in intercontinental comm
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Ground Transmitting Station at Holm
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 53 diodes, so
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 55 Bell Telep
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 57 Our estima
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 59 implicatio
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 61 as quickly
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 63 Commission
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 65 Document t
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 67 licenses,
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 69 opment of
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 71 any system
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In the end, the administration bill
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 75 program in
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your bill and some of the major asp
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 79 1934, as a
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 81 or appropr
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U.S.C. 310) [citation in margin:
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interest; and (iii) an evaluation o
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 87 ment on Ap
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 89 aspects of
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Document title: Memorandum from J.
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 93 tiated by
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cations satellite system rather tha
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___________________________________
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telegram are as follows: (A) Policy
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tems. Diversion of Government traff
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quality of services and charges for
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 105 tions is
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 107 A. Techno
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Report of the United States Delegat
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States, Vatican City State, Venezue
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 113 structure
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 115 U.S. posi
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 117 agreed th
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 119 VII. Futu
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 121 to explor
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 123 (b) to af
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 125 the natio
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 127 and Order
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 129 own stron
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 131 We are en
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 133 and meeti
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 135 Plumbrook
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cant background information and wor
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 139 Applicati
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earth terminals, high-gain satellit
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20 watts of power per kilogram. New
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 145 the devel
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No additional items were reviewed.
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Specifically, this report concludes
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[55] THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE Wash
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A memorandum of law concerning Arti
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156 OBSERVING THE EARTH FROM SPACE
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196 scanned from extreme altitudes
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198 winds, cumulus clouds that have
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200 bends back on itself with incre
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204 required for Project TIROS in e
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212 [1] [rubber stamped: “AUG 15
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214 These two letters, one from Con
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220 Budget Authority (BA) and Outla
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224 Document II-11 Document title:
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232 International Applications Area
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236 Agricultural Geographic Geologi
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240 that a number of important user
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242 [1] For the Record SAR/Robert G
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244 make every effort to ensure tha
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246 monitor the earth’s volcanoes
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250 with us in this area). Encourag
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254 the memorandum be explicitly br
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256 should officially participate i
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258 [1] APR 14, 1970 Honorable Walt
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260 One persuasive argument for cre
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262 General Assembly’s First Comm
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264 [1] July 24, 1974 Summary OBSER
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270 in the months following the lau
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274 their goals by making improved
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278 recommended that continuity of
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280 gap in data availability would
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282 ment—considering the budgetar
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284 vices required for a multipurpo
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286 and for maintaining archives of
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292 D. Conclusions and Consequences
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298 Assumptions This document was d
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304 training and technology transfe
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306 the payment of appropriate fees
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308 • The sub-issues that will ne
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314 development, either alone or in
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316 rity and foreign policy implica
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320 report or explicitly address th
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330 [no pagination] PUBLIC LAW 98-3
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344 AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS
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346 [no pagination] For Immediate R
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348 This management plan spells out
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350 funding adjustments as agreed t
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352 Includes: • Ground System Dev
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368 TITLE VI—PROHIBITION OF COMME
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370 Document II-42 Honorable George
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372 The Honorable John H. Gibbons A
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374 (b) Make government-owned Lands
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376 The letter from NOAA’s Gregor
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378 There is currently considerable
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380 7. During periods when national
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Chapter Three Space as an Investmen
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 387 However,
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 389 sectors o
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 391 the devel
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 393 during th
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 395 Internati
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 397 Committee
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 399 are not s
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still many hurdles for the space in
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[1] SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS EXPLORI
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 405 developme
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important role in raising funds for
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nomic growth. The focus was on aggr
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the quality of goods and services d
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findings indicated that most of the
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This study showed an overall seven-
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sible to forecast the impacts on ma
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Our formulation of γ is as follows
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 421 Table 4 I
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already shown above (Table 5) the m
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Significance of Findings Significan
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David Cross and I will be glad to d
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 429 • The d
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 431 [i] NASA
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 433 The major
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their momentous insight when they d
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The direct social impact of NASA co
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[32] Microwave Systems Internal Gas
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[34] Internal Gas Dynamics Telemetr
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Impact of NASA Combinations High Mo
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Percentage of Economic Impact Alrea
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“less” to a “more” preferre
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“NASA Social Impact,” I have su
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flow of technology information to s
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1976. This figure includes net bene
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 557 It is imp
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 559 Document
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 561 earlier b
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Finally, the medical end use catego
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 565 (3) provi
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 567 Effective
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 569 [10] A br
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 571 [14] POLI
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 573 activitie
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NASA’s technology transfer progra
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EXPLORING THE UNKNOWN 577 Tech Brie
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Ralph Braibanti joined the Departme
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F Philip J. Farley (1916- ) earned
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Lyndon B. Johnson (1908-1973) (D-TX
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M Leonard H. Marks was one of the o
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Robert C. Seamans, Jr. (1918- ), ha
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Robert M. White (1923- ) served as
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Bullington, Kenneth, 25 Bush, Georg
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Defense Satellite Communications Sy
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I Indiana University, 388 Initial D
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METOP satellite series, 166 Midwest
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O O’Connell, James D., 91-95, 99-
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and “Long-Term Prospects for Deve
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Reference Works, NASA SP-4000 The N
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SP-4207 not published. Compton, W.
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