Artemisinin-based combination therapy for ... - The Cochrane Library

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$Interventions for treating proximal humeral fractures in adults (Review)$

T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S HEADER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 ABSTRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 BACKGROUND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 OBJECTIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 RESULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Figure 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Figure 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 DISCUSSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Figure 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Figure 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Figure 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Figure 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Figure 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Figure 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Figure 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Figure 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 AUTHORS’ CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 CHARACTERISTICS OF STUDIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 DATA AND ANALYSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Analysis 1.1. Comparison 1 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Artesunate plus mefloquine, Outcome 1 Total Failure (P. falciparum) Day 63 PCR unadjusted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Analysis 1.2. Comparison 1 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Artesunate plus mefloquine, Outcome 2 Total Failure (P. falciparum) Day 63 PCR adjusted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Analysis 1.3. Comparison 1 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Artesunate plus mefloquine, Outcome 3 Total Failure (P. falciparum) Day 42 PCR unadjusted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Analysis 1.4. Comparison 1 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Artesunate plus mefloquine, Outcome 4 Total Failure (P. falciparum) Day 42 PCR adjusted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Analysis 1.5. Comparison 1 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Artesunate plus mefloquine, Outcome 5 Total Failure (P. falciparum) Day 28 PCR unadjusted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Analysis 1.6. Comparison 1 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Artesunate plus mefloquine, Outcome 6 Total Failure (P. falciparum) Day 28 PCR adjusted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Analysis 1.7. Comparison 1 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Artesunate plus mefloquine, Outcome 7 P. vivax parasitaemia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Analysis 1.8. Comparison 1 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Artesunate plus mefloquine, Outcome 8 Gametocyte development (in those negative at baseline). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Analysis 1.9. Comparison 1 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Artesunate plus mefloquine, Outcome 9 Gametocytaemia carriage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Analysis 1.10. Comparison 1 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Artesunate plus mefloquine, Outcome 10 Serious adverse events (including deaths). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Analysis 1.11. Comparison 1 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Artesunate plus mefloquine, Outcome 11 Early vomiting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Analysis 1.12. Comparison 1 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Artesunate plus mefloquine, Outcome 12 Sensitivity analysis: Total Failure Day 63 PCR unadjusted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Analysis 1.13. Comparison 1 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Artesunate plus mefloquine, Outcome 13 Sensitivity analysis: Total Failure Day 63 PCR adjusted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Analysis 2.1. Comparison 2 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Artemether-lumefantrine, Outcome 1 Total Failure (P. falciparum) Day 42 PCR unadjusted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Artemisinin-based combination therapy for treating uncomplicated malaria (Review) Copyright © 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. i
Analysis 2.2. Comparison 2 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Artemether-lumefantrine, Outcome 2 Total Failure (P. falciparum) Day 42 PCR adjusted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Analysis 2.3. Comparison 2 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Artemether-lumefantrine, Outcome 3 Total Failure (P. falciparum) Day 28 PCR unadjusted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Analysis 2.4. Comparison 2 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Artemether-lumefantrine, Outcome 4 Total Failure (P. falciparum) Day 28 PCR adjusted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Analysis 2.5. Comparison 2 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Artemether-lumefantrine, Outcome 5 P. vivax parasitaemia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Analysis 2.6. Comparison 2 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Artemether-lumefantrine, Outcome 6 Gametocyte development (in those negative at baseline). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Analysis 2.7. Comparison 2 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Artemether-lumefantrine, Outcome 7 Anaemia. . . 142 Analysis 2.8. Comparison 2 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Artemether-lumefantrine, Outcome 8 Serious adverse events (including deaths). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Analysis 2.9. Comparison 2 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Artemether-lumefantrine, Outcome 9 Early vomiting. 143 Analysis 3.1. Comparison 3 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Artesunate plus amodiaquine, Outcome 1 Total Failure (P. falciparum) Day 28 PCR unadjusted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Analysis 3.2. Comparison 3 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Artesunate plus amodiaquine, Outcome 2 Total Failure (P. falciparum) Day 28 PCR adjusted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Analysis 3.3. Comparison 3 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Artesunate plus amodiaquine, Outcome 3 Total Failure (P. falciparum) Day 42 PCR unadjusted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Analysis 3.4. Comparison 3 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Artesunate plus amodiaquine, Outcome 4 Total Failure (P. falciparum) Day 42 PCR adjusted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Analysis 3.5. Comparison 3 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Artesunate plus amodiaquine, Outcome 5 P. vivax parasitaemia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Analysis 3.6. Comparison 3 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Artesunate plus amodiaquine, Outcome 6 Serious adverse events (including deaths). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Analysis 3.7. Comparison 3 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Artesunate plus amodiaquine, Outcome 7 Early vomiting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Analysis 4.1. Comparison 4 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, Outcome 1 Total Failure (P. falciparum) Day 42 PCR unadjusted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Analysis 4.2. Comparison 4 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, Outcome 2 Total Failure (P. falciparum) Day 42 PCR adjusted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Analysis 4.3. Comparison 4 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, Outcome 3 Total Failure (P. falciparum) Day 28 PCR unadjusted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Analysis 4.4. Comparison 4 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, Outcome 4 Total Failure (P. falciparum) Day 28 PCR adjusted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Analysis 4.5. Comparison 4 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, Outcome 5 P. vivax parasitaemia by day 42. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Analysis 5.1. Comparison 5 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Amodiaquine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, Outcome 1 Total Failure (P. falciparum) Day 28 PCR unadjusted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Analysis 5.2. Comparison 5 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Amodiaquine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, Outcome 2 Total Failure (P. falciparum) Day 28 PCR adjusted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Analysis 5.3. Comparison 5 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Amodiaquine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, Outcome 3 Total Failure (P. falciparum) Day 42 PCR unadjusted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Analysis 5.4. Comparison 5 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Amodiaquine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, Outcome 4 Total Failure (P. falciparum) Day 42 PCR adjusted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Analysis 5.5. Comparison 5 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Amodiaquine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, Outcome 5 Gametocyte development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Analysis 5.6. Comparison 5 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Amodiaquine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, Outcome 6 Anaemia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Analysis 5.7. Comparison 5 Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs Amodiaquine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, Outcome 7 Early vomiting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Artemisinin-based combination therapy for treating uncomplicated malaria (Review) Copyright © 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ii
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Page 5 and 6: Analysis 10.5. Comparison 10 Arteme
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Page 9 and 10: B A C K G R O U N D Malaria is a di
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Bukirwa 2005 UGA Methods Trial desi
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Djimde 2004 MLI (Continued) • AS
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Dorsey 2006 UGA (Continued) Item Au
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Fanello 2004 RWA Methods Trial desi
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Faye 2003 SEN (Continued) Outcomes
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Menard 2006 MDG Methods Trial desig
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Mens 2007 KEN (Continued) Risk of b
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Mutabingwa 2004 TZA (Continued) •
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Sagara 2005b MLI (Continued) • 25
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Tran 2002 VNM Methods Trial design:
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Van den Broek 2003a BGD (Continued)
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Van Vugt 1998 THA Methods Trial des
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Yeka 2004 UGA (Continued) Risk of b
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Yeka 2007 UGA (Continued) Free of o
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Zongo 2007 BFA (Continued) Novartis
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(Continued) Fofana 2005 Conference
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D A T A A N D A N A L Y S E S Compa
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2.2 Asia 1 317 Risk Ratio (M-H, Fix
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Comparison 5. Dihydroartemisinin-pi
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Comparison 8. Artesunate plus meflo
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Comparison 10. Artemether-lumefantr
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Comparison 12. Artesunate plus amod
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5.2 DHA-P 3 doses 3 1116 Risk Ratio
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Comparison 21. How does Artesunate
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Analysis 1.3. Comparison 1 Dihydroa
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(... Continued) Study or subgroup D
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Analysis 6.6. Comparison 6 Artesuna
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Analysis 9.2. Comparison 9 Artemeth
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Analysis 20.1. Comparison 20 How do
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Analysis 21.1. Comparison 21 How do
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(Continued) 2. How does artesunate
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(Continued) Sensitivity analysis 1
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(Continued) Smithuis 2004 MMR (652
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Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine vs A
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(Continued) Mayxay 2003 LAO (220 pa
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Artesunate plus mefloquine vs Amodi
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Artemether-lumefantrine vs Artesuna
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PCR = polymerase chain reaction PCV
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(Continued) Proportion with anaemia
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(Continued) Vivax efficacy: P. viva
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(Continued) Efficacy: Total Failure
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(Continued) Outcomes Illustrative c
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(Continued) GRADE Working Group gra
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Footnotes 1 Data were also availabl
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8 Very serious imprecision: There w
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(Continued) justed Vivax efficacy:
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(Continued) Harms: Serious adverse
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(Continued) Harms: Early vomiting -
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1 Dorsey 2006 UGA; Faye 2003 SEN; K
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