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AMD 64-Bit Technology 26568—Rev. 3.02—August 2002 PAE Physical-address extensions. physical memory Actual memory, consisting of main memory and cache. probe A check for an address in a processor’s caches or internal buffers. External probes originate outside the processor, and internal probes originate within the processor. protected mode A submode of legacy mode. quadword Four words, or eight bytes, or 64 bits. RAZ Read as zero (0), regardless of what is written. real-address mode See real mode. real mode A short name for real-address mode, a submode of legacy mode. relative Referencing with a displacement (also called offset) from an instruction pointer rather than the base of a code segment. Contrast with absolute. REX An instruction prefix that specifies a 64-bit operand size and provides access to additional registers. RIP-relative addressing Addressing relative to the 64-bit RIP instruction pointer. Compare moffset. set To write a bit value of 1. Compare clear. xviii Preface
26568—Rev. 3.02—August 2002 AMD 64-Bit Technology SIB A byte following an instruction opcode that specifies address calculation based on scale (S), index (I), and base (B). SIMD Single instruction, multiple data. See vector. SSE Streaming SIMD extensions instruction set. See 128-bit media instructions and 64-bit media instructions. SSE2 Extensions to the SSE instruction set. See 128-bit media instructions and 64-bit media instructions. sticky bit A bit that is set or cleared by hardware and that remains in that state until explicitly changed by software. TOP The x87 top-of-stack pointer. TPR Task-priority register (CR8). TSS Task-state segment. underflow The condition in which a floating-point number is smaller in magnitude than the smallest nonzero, positive or negative number that can be represented in the data-type format being used. vector (1) A set of integer or floating-point values, called elements, that are packed into a single operand. Most of the 128-bit and 64-bit media instructions use vectors as operands. Vectors are also called packed or SIMD (single-instruction multiple-data) operands. (2) An index into an interrupt descriptor table (IDT), used to access exception handlers. Compare exception. Preface xix
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