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The Bhikṣuṇī Maṇimēkhalai

An English translation of one of the five great Tamil classics, a story of Buddhist virtues, magical powers and philosophy; along with a detailed study of the text.

An English translation of one of the five great Tamil classics, a story of Buddhist virtues, magical powers and philosophy; along with a detailed study of the text.

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257 - <strong>The</strong> Various Systems of Beliefs<br />

(6) Il-valakku, asserting as existent that which does not exist, as in<br />

speaking of the horns of a rabbit understandable only by the use of the<br />

expression, and not by actual existence of the thing connoted by the<br />

word;<br />

(7) Uṇarndadai-Uṇardal feeling that which is plainly felt by<br />

experience, such as attempting to prove that fire is destructive of mist,<br />

and<br />

(8) Ninaippu, [192] perception by assumption, such as taking a couple<br />

to be one’s father and mother on the statement of others.<br />

Six are the systems that are founded on the basis of these instruments<br />

of knowledge; (1) Lōkāyata, (2) Bauddha, (3) Sāṁkhya, (4)<br />

Nayyāyika, (5) Vaiśēṣika, and (6) Mīmāṁsa.<br />

Jina, (3) Kapila, (4) Akṣapāda, (5), Kāṇāda, and (6) Jaimini.<br />

Truth is ascertained by means of Pratyakṣa, (2) Anumāna, (3) Sātta<br />

(Sans. Sābda otherwise Āgama), (4) Upamāna, (5) Arthāpatti and (6)<br />

Abhāva. <strong>The</strong>se are the instruments of knowledge accepted as such at<br />

the present time.’<br />

Śaivavādī, Brahmavādī and Vēdavādī<br />

Passing on from him, she went to the Śaivavādī. In response to her<br />

enquiry that he might explain his system, he stated the two lights (the<br />

sun and the moon), the doer and the five elements constitute the basis<br />

from out of which human beings are made by combination of life and<br />

body. He who does this is constituted of the Kālas; his nature it is to<br />

create beings as an act of play, and he destroys them and thus gets rid

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