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The Bhikṣuṇī Maṇimēkhalai

An English translation of one of the five great Tamil classics, a story of Buddhist virtues, magical powers and philosophy; along with a detailed study of the text.

An English translation of one of the five great Tamil classics, a story of Buddhist virtues, magical powers and philosophy; along with a detailed study of the text.

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277 - Buddhist Logic<br />

(2) Anumāna viruddham consists in making contrary inference as in<br />

describing a non-eternal pot as eternal.<br />

(3) Suvacana viruddham consists in contradictory speech as in<br />

describing one’s own mother as a barren woman.<br />

(4) Lōka viruddham contradicts general experience as in saying that<br />

the moon is not the moon.<br />

(5) Āgama viruddham consists in making statements contradictory to<br />

accepted books of authority as when the non-eternalist Vaiśēṣika calls<br />

eternal that which is non-eternal.<br />

(6) Aprasiddha viśeṣaṇam consists in not understanding that which is<br />

provable by the opponent, as when a Bauddha tells the eternalist<br />

Sāṁkhya that sound is destructible.<br />

(7) Aprasiddha viśēshyam, consists in a statement where the<br />

proposition is not capable of predication to the opponent, as when a<br />

Sāṁkhya states to a Bauddha, who does not believe in the existence of<br />

a soul, that the soul is capable of understanding.<br />

(8) Aprasiddha ubhayam consists in a statement which to the<br />

opponent is unacceptable either as a proposition or as the conclusion;<br />

as when a Vaiśēṣika tells a Bauddha (who believes neither in<br />

happiness nor in soul), that, for happiness and all else connected with<br />

it, the source of origin is the soul.<br />

(9) Aprasiddha sambandham consists in proving that which is already<br />

accepted by the opponent, as when a Bauddha is told that sound is<br />

non-eternal – a statement which does not require to be proved to him.<br />

Similarly Hētuppoli or fallacious middle term is of three kinds:

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