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The Bhikṣuṇī Maṇimēkhalai

An English translation of one of the five great Tamil classics, a story of Buddhist virtues, magical powers and philosophy; along with a detailed study of the text.

An English translation of one of the five great Tamil classics, a story of Buddhist virtues, magical powers and philosophy; along with a detailed study of the text.

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287 - Buddhist Logic<br />

(5) Viparita-anvayam (the contradictory concomitance). This consists<br />

in establishing concomitance merely by the concomitance of the<br />

example with that which is predicated in the major term, as in the<br />

example,<br />

Sound is non-eternal<br />

Because it is a product<br />

Whatever is not eternal is a product.<br />

In saying so, concomitance fails, because the universal statement<br />

whatever is a product is not eternal, is not stated, and therefore it fails<br />

in as much as the major is not drawn as a conclusion from the middle;<br />

on the contrary, the statement of universal concomitance is made<br />

from the major term. <strong>The</strong> defect consists in this; what is predicated in<br />

the major may be more extensive than that which is stated in the<br />

middle term, as in whatever is not eternal is a product. [219]<br />

(1) Sādhya- consists in the example being incompatible with<br />

that which is predicated in the middle while it is not so with what is<br />

predicated in the major; as in the example,<br />

Sound is eternal<br />

Because it is non-corporeal<br />

Whatever is non-eternal is also not non-corporeal as Paramāṇu.<br />

In this example, the paramāṇu which is brought in as an example,<br />

being eternal and corporeal as well, it is incompatible with the<br />

non-corporeality predicated in the middle, while it is compatible with<br />

the eternality predicated in the major.<br />

(2) Sādhana- consists in the example being incompatible with<br />

what is predicated in the major while it is not so with that which is<br />

predicated in the middle; as in the example,

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