Nutrition Science and Everyday Application - beta v 0.1

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TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATES 181 Think about thick stems that help a plant stand upright, tough seed husks, and fruit skin that protect what’s growing inside. These are full of fiber. Figure 4.7. Examples of food plants high in fiber, including wheat, broccoli, and apples. In our food, we find fiber in whole plant foods like whole grains, seeds, nuts, fruits, vegetables, and legumes. One of the most common types of fiber is cellulose, the main component in plant cell walls. The chemical structure of cellulose is shown in the figure below, with our simplified depiction next to it. You can see that cellulose has long chains of glucose, similar to starch, but they’re stacked up, and there are hydrogen bonds linking the stacks. When we eat fiber, it passes through the small intestine intact, because we don’t have digestive enzymes to break it down. Then, in the large intestine, our friendly microbiota—the bacteria that live in our colons—go to work on the fiber. Some fiber can be fermented by those bacteria. We’ll discuss fiber more later in the unit. Self Check:
182 ALICE CALLAHAN, PHD, HEATHER LEONARD, MED, RDN, AND TAMBERLY POWELL, MS, RDN An interactive H5P element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can view it online here: https://openoregon.pressbooks.pub/nutritionscience/?p=66#h5p-1 References: • Levin, R. J. (1999). Carbohydrates. In Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease (9th ed.). Baltimore: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. • U.S. Department of Agriculture. (n.d.). FoodData Central. Retrieved November 15, 2019, from https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/ Image Credits: • Figure 4.4. “Types of carbohydrates diagram” by Alice Callahan made with Microsoft SmartArt is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 • “Structure of alpha-D-glucopyranose (Haworth projection)” , “Structure of beta-Dfructofuranose (Haworth projection)” , and “Structure of beta-D-galactopyranose (Haworth projection)” by NEUROtiker is in the Public Domain • “Simple carbohydrate diagrams” (with hexagons, pentagon) by Alice Callahan is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 • Maltose structure is cropped from “Amylase reaction consisting of hydrolyzing amylose, producing maltose” by BQmUB2012134 is in the Public Domain, CC0 • “Skeletal formula of sucrose” by NEUROtiker is in the Public Domain, CC0 • ” Lactose (simplified structure)” by NEUROtiker is in the Public Domain, CC0 • Figure 4.5. “Flower with bee” by pontla; “Honey” by sunny mama; “Kiwi” by ereta ekarafi; all licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 • Figure 4.6. “Glycogen” by Häggström, Mikael (2014). “Medical gallery of Mikael Häggström 2014“. WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.008. ISSN 2002-4436. Public Domain. • Figure 4.7. “Wheat” by Bernat Caser; “Broccoli” by albedo20; “Apple” by Fiona Shields; all licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 • “Chemical structure of cellulose” by laghi.l is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0
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Nutrition: Science and Everyday App
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Nutrition: Science and Everyday App
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UNIT 3 - MOLECULES OF LIFE: PHOTOSY
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UNIT 9 - VITAMINS AND MINERALS PART
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2 ALICE CALLAHAN, PHD, HEATHER LEON
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About the Authors ALICE CALLAHAN, P
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Updates Made to OER Date Unit Page
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Introduction to Designing a Healthy
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Classification of Nutrients Food is
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Introduction to Nutrition Science a
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The Scientific Method Similar to th
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Types of Research Studies and How T
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100 ALICE CALLAHAN, PHD, HEATHER LE
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Finding Accurate Sources of Nutriti
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Who Can You Trust for Nutrition Inf
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UNIT 3 - MOLECULES OF LIFE: PHOTOSY
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UNIT 5- LIPIDS 246
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The Functions of Fats Fats serve us
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Lipid Types and Structures Lipids a
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Digestion and Absorption of Lipids
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UNIT 6- PROTEIN 304
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Protein Digestion and Absorption Wh
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Protein Food Choices and Sustainabi
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Introduction to Energy Balance On D
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Energy Balance: Energy In, Energy O
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Indicators of Health: BMI, Body Com
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Best Practices For Weight Managemen
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UNIT 8 - VITAMINS AND MINERALS PART
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Dietary Supplements By now you know
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Vitamins and Minerals Involved In F
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Vitamins Important for Vision Visio
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Introduction to Vitamins and Minera
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Introduction to Bone Health The hum
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Calcium: Critical for Bones and Thr
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Vitamin D: Important to Bone Health
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Vitamins and Minerals Involved in B
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Introduction to Nutrition and Physi
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UNIT 11 — NUTRITION THROUGHOUT TH
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Nutrition in Early Infancy Infancy
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Raising Healthy Eaters “Raising a
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