Nutrition Science and Everyday Application - beta v 0.1

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GLUCOSE REGULATION AND UTILIZATION IN THE BODY 203 of such fad diets, preferring to focus instead on balance, moderation, and enjoyment of a wide variety of foods. A YouTube element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can view it online here: https://openoregon.pressbooks.pub/ nutritionscience/?p=93 Video: “Glucose Regulation and Utilization in the Body,” by Alice Callahan, YouTube (October 1, 2018), 13:11 minutes. DIABETES Diabetes is a chronic disease in which your normal system of regulating blood glucose doesn’t work. There are three main types of diabetes: type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes.
204 ALICE CALLAHAN, PHD, HEATHER LEONARD, MED, RDN, AND TAMBERLY POWELL, MS, RDN Type 1 Diabetes: This is an autoimmune disease in which the beta-cells of the pancreas are destroyed by your own immune system. Without the beta-cells, you can’t make enough insulin, so in type 1 diabetes, you simply don’t have enough insulin to regulate your blood glucose levels. Remember how we said insulin is like the key that lets glucose into the body’s cells? In type 1 diabetes, you’re missing the key, so glucose stays in the blood and can’t get into cells. Figure 4.19. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas does not make enough insulin, so glucose transporters (GLUT-4) do not open on the cell membrane, and glucose is stuck outside the cell. Common symptoms include weight loss and fatigue, because the body’s cells are starved of glucose. Excess glucose from the blood is also excreted in the urine, increasing urination and thirst. Once diagnosed, type 1 diabetics have to take insulin in order to regulate their blood glucose. Traditionally, this has required insulin injections timed with meals. New devices like continuous glucose monitors and automatic insulin pumps can track glucose levels and provide the right amount of insulin, making managing type 1 diabetes a little easier. Figuring out the right amount of insulin is important, because chronically elevated blood glucose levels can cause damage to tissues around the body. However, too much insulin will cause hypoglycemia, which can be very dangerous. Type 1 diabetes is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, but it has been known to develop at any age. It’s much less common than type 2 diabetes, accounting for 5-10% of cases of diabetes.
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Nutrition: Science and Everyday App
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Nutrition: Science and Everyday App
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UNIT 3 - MOLECULES OF LIFE: PHOTOSY
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UNIT 9 - VITAMINS AND MINERALS PART
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2 ALICE CALLAHAN, PHD, HEATHER LEON
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About the Authors ALICE CALLAHAN, P
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Updates Made to OER Date Unit Page
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Introduction to Designing a Healthy
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Classification of Nutrients Food is
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Introduction to Nutrition Science a
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The Scientific Method Similar to th
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Types of Research Studies and How T
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100 ALICE CALLAHAN, PHD, HEATHER LE
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Finding Accurate Sources of Nutriti
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Who Can You Trust for Nutrition Inf
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UNIT 3 - MOLECULES OF LIFE: PHOTOSY
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Photosynthesis and Metabolism As we
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The Digestive System We just learne
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Lipid Types and Structures Lipids a
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Digestion and Absorption of Lipids
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UNIT 6- PROTEIN 304
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Protein Digestion and Absorption Wh
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Protein Food Choices and Sustainabi
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Introduction to Energy Balance On D
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Energy Balance: Energy In, Energy O
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Indicators of Health: BMI, Body Com
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Best Practices For Weight Managemen
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UNIT 8 - VITAMINS AND MINERALS PART
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Dietary Supplements By now you know
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Vitamins and Minerals Involved In F
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Vitamins Important for Vision Visio
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Introduction to Vitamins and Minera
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Introduction to Bone Health The hum
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Calcium: Critical for Bones and Thr
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Vitamin D: Important to Bone Health
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Vitamins and Minerals Involved in B
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Introduction to Nutrition and Physi
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UNIT 11 — NUTRITION THROUGHOUT TH
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Nutrition in Early Infancy Infancy
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Raising Healthy Eaters “Raising a
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