Nutrition Science and Everyday Application - beta v 0.1

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OTHER MINERALS IMPORTANT TO BONE HEALTH 513 naturally in the water, but in most areas, natural levels fall below amounts recommended for cavity prevention. Other beverages with a high amount of fluoride include teas and grape juice. Solid foods do not generally contain a large amount of fluoride, although this depends on the fluoride level of the soil and water it was grown in and whether it was cooked with fluoridated water. Canned meats and fish that contain bones do contain some fluoride. Other good non-dietary sources are fluoridated toothpaste and dental rinses. Figure 9.9. Dietary sources of fluoride include water, tea, shellfish, and fluoridated dental products such as toothpaste. Fluoride Deficiency and Toxicity Since it is a nonessential mineral, there is no defined fluoride requirement, but lower levels are associated with higher rates of dental cavities in adults and children. This connection is why so many water supplies are fluoridated. However, as with all minerals, fluoride can also be quite toxic if consumed in excessive amounts. Acute toxicity symptoms from large intakes of fluoride include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and convulsions. Chronic toxicity results in an irreversible condition known as fluorosis, characterized by the mottling (i.e., white speckling) and pitting of the teeth (see Figure 9.10). Fluorosis is primarily a risk in children, because mineralization of permanent teeth has typically occurred by age 8. 6 Figure 9.10. A mild case of fluorosis (left) vs. a severe case of fluorosis (right). Because fluoridated oral care products often taste good, making them appealing to young children, it is important to make sure infants and children do not consume too much fluoride by swallowing toothpaste or other oral care products. Recommendations for managing fluoride intake in children include the following: 7-9 • Do not use any fluoride supplement without talking to your health care provider.
514 ALICE CALLAHAN, PHD, HEATHER LEONARD, MED, RDN, AND TAMBERLY POWELL, MS, RDN • Consider a prescription fluoride supplement for children who live in communities without fluoridated water or rely on a well water supply that is not fluoridated. • Use only a smear (rice-sized) amount of fluoride toothpaste as soon as the first tooth erupts in infants up through age 2 years. • Use only a pea-sized amount of fluoride toothpaste in children ages 3 to 6 years. • Encourage children to spit out toothpaste instead of swallowing it. • Avoid fluoride mouth rinses in children younger than 6 years. Self-Check: An interactive H5P element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can view it online here: https://openoregon.pressbooks.pub/nutritionscience/?p=1472#h5p-49 Attributions: References: • Zimmerman, M., & Snow, B. Nutrients Important for Bone Health. In An Introduction to Nutrition (v. 1.0). https://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/an-introduction-tonutrition/index.html, CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 • Linus Pauling Institute. (2015, April 29). Fluoride. Retrieved April 20, 2020, from https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/minerals/fluoride#reference3 • University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa Food Science and Human Nutrition Program, “Fluoride,” CC BY-NC 4.0 • Lindshield, B. L. Fluoride. Kansas State University Human Nutrition (FNDH 400) Flexbook (2018). NPP eBooks. 19. http://newprairiepress.org/ebooks/19 CC BY-NC- SA 4.0 • 1 Higdon, J., Drake, V., & Delage, B. (2014, April 23). Phosphorus. Linus Pauling Institute. https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/minerals/phosphorus • 2 National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. (n.d.). Phosphorus.
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Nutrition: Science and Everyday App
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Nutrition: Science and Everyday App
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UNIT 3 - MOLECULES OF LIFE: PHOTOSY
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UNIT 9 - VITAMINS AND MINERALS PART
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2 ALICE CALLAHAN, PHD, HEATHER LEON
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About the Authors ALICE CALLAHAN, P
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6 ALICE CALLAHAN, PHD, HEATHER LEON
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Updates Made to OER Date Unit Page
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Introduction to Designing a Healthy
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Classification of Nutrients Food is
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Introduction to Nutrition Science a
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The Scientific Method Similar to th
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Types of Research Studies and How T
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Finding Accurate Sources of Nutriti
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Who Can You Trust for Nutrition Inf
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UNIT 3 - MOLECULES OF LIFE: PHOTOSY
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Photosynthesis and Metabolism As we
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The Digestive System We just learne
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Introduction to Carbohydrates If so
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Digestion and Absorption of Carbohy
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Glucose Regulation and Utilization
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Sugar: Food Sources, Health Implica
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UNIT 5- LIPIDS 246
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The Functions of Fats Fats serve us
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Lipid Types and Structures Lipids a
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Digestion and Absorption of Lipids
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UNIT 6- PROTEIN 304
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Protein Digestion and Absorption Wh
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Protein Food Choices and Sustainabi
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Introduction to Energy Balance On D
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Energy Balance: Energy In, Energy O
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Indicators of Health: BMI, Body Com
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Best Practices For Weight Managemen
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UNIT 8 - VITAMINS AND MINERALS PART
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Dietary Supplements By now you know
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UNIT 11 — NUTRITION THROUGHOUT TH
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Nutrition in Early Infancy Infancy
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Raising Healthy Eaters “Raising a
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