Nutrition Science and Everyday Application - beta v 0.1

276 ALICE CALLAHAN, PHD, HEATHER LEONARD, MED, RDN, AND TAMBERLY POWELL, MS, RDN
increased risk of coronary heart disease. They estimated that eliminating industrial trans fats
from the food supply might prevent as many as 19 percent of heart attacks in the U.S. at the
time, coming to 228,000 heart attacks averted. 3
In 2006, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) began requiring food companies
to list trans fat information on the Nutrition Facts panel of food labels to keep consumers
informed of their intake of these fats. That prompted the food industry to mostly eliminate
partially hydrogenated oils from their products, often substituting palm oil and coconut oil
in their place (both of which are high in saturated fat and may promote heart disease). In
2013, the FDA determined that trans fats were no longer considered safe in the food supply,
and in 2015, the agency issued a ruling requiring that manufactured trans fats no longer
be included in the U.S. food supply. A one-year extension was granted in 2018, and foods
produced prior to that date were given time to work through the food supply. The final ruling
requires all manufactured trans fats to be eliminated from the U.S. food supply by 2021. 4
Self-Check:
An interactive H5P element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can view it online here:
https://openoregon.pressbooks.pub/nutritionscience/?p=271#h5p-10
Attributions:
References:
• Lindshield, B. L. Kansas State University Human Nutrition (FNDH 400) Flexbook.
goo.gl/vOAnR, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
• University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa Food Science and Human Nutrition Program,
“Digestion and Absorption of Lipids,” CC BY-NC 4.0
• 1 Oregon State University. (2014, April 28). Essential Fatty Acids. Retrieved October
17, 2019, from Linus Pauling Institute website: https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/
other-nutrients/essential-fatty-acids
• 2 National Institutes of Health. Office of Dietary Supplements—Omega-3 Fatty
Acids. Retrieved October 17, 2019, from https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/
Omega3FattyAcids-HealthProfessional/