Nutrition Science and Everyday Application - beta v 0.1

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VITAMINS AND MINERALS AS ANTIOXIDANTS 485 Image Credits: • Figure 8.12. “Free radical chain reaction” by Jacqui Adcock is licensed under CC BY- NC-ND 4.0 • Figure 8.13. “Antioxidant action” by Jacqui Adcock is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 • Figure 8.14. “Food sources of Vitamin E” by Alice Callahan is licensed under CC BY 4.0, with images from top to bottom by Alice Callahan, CC BY 4.0; and Remi Yuan, Annie Spratt, and engin akyurt on Unsplash (license information) • Figure 8.15. “Vitamin E/vitamin C antioxidant cycle” by Alice Callahan is licensed under CC BY 4.0 • Figure 8.16. “Food sources of Vitamin C” by Alice Callahan is licensed under CC BY 4.0, with images from top to bottom by Bruna Branco, Irene Kredenets, Kyaw Tun, and Forest Diver on Unsplash (license information) • Figure 8.17. “38 year old man suffering from scurvy” by von K. H. Baumgärtner, Welcomme Library is licensed under CC BY 4.0 • “Emergen-C supplement photo” by Mike Mozart is licensed under CC BY 2.0 • Figure 8.18. “Food sources of selenium” by Alice Callahan is licensed under CC BY 4.0, with images from top to bottom by sunorwind, Сергей Орловский, Cake Tuxedo on Unsplash (license information), and “par cooked brown rice” by jules is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0
Vitamins Important for Vision Vision is one of our five basic senses, and unless you’ve experienced vision loss, it’s hard to imagine life without sight. Vitamin A plays a key role in vision and eye health. On this page, we’ll cover the functions, food sources, and signs of deficiency and toxicity for vitamin A and carotenoids such as beta-carotene, which can be converted to vitamin A. VITAMIN A Vitamin A is a generic term for a group of similar compounds called retinoids. Retinol is the form of vitamin A found in animal-derived foods, and it is converted in the body to the biologically active forms of vitamin A: retinal and retinoic acid. The dietary retinol found in animal-derived foods is called preformed or active vitamin A. This differentiates it from beta-carotene and other carotenoid compounds, which are brightly-colored yellow, orange, and red pigments synthesized by plants. These are called provitamin A carotenoids, because they can be converted to vitamin A in the body. Among the carotenoids, beta-carotene is most efficiently converted to vitamin A. If you look at the beta-carotene molecule, you can see that it looks like two retinol molecules connected together. Enzymes in the intestine and liver can cleave the beta-carotene molecule in half, creating two new molecules of vitamin A. 486
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Nutrition: Science and Everyday App
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Nutrition: Science and Everyday App
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UNIT 3 - MOLECULES OF LIFE: PHOTOSY
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UNIT 9 - VITAMINS AND MINERALS PART
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2 ALICE CALLAHAN, PHD, HEATHER LEON
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About the Authors ALICE CALLAHAN, P
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6 ALICE CALLAHAN, PHD, HEATHER LEON
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Updates Made to OER Date Unit Page
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Introduction to Designing a Healthy
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12 ALICE CALLAHAN, PHD, HEATHER LEO
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Classification of Nutrients Food is
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Introduction to Nutrition Science a
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The Scientific Method Similar to th
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Types of Research Studies and How T
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100 ALICE CALLAHAN, PHD, HEATHER LE
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Finding Accurate Sources of Nutriti
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Who Can You Trust for Nutrition Inf
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UNIT 3 - MOLECULES OF LIFE: PHOTOSY
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Photosynthesis and Metabolism As we
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The Digestive System We just learne
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Introduction to Carbohydrates If so
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Digestion and Absorption of Carbohy
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Glucose Regulation and Utilization
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Sugar: Food Sources, Health Implica
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UNIT 5- LIPIDS 246
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The Functions of Fats Fats serve us
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Lipid Types and Structures Lipids a
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Digestion and Absorption of Lipids
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UNIT 6- PROTEIN 304
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Protein Digestion and Absorption Wh
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Protein Food Choices and Sustainabi
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Introduction to Energy Balance On D
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Energy Balance: Energy In, Energy O
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Indicators of Health: BMI, Body Com
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Best Practices For Weight Managemen
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Introduction to Nutrition and Physi
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UNIT 11 — NUTRITION THROUGHOUT TH
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Nutrition in Early Infancy Infancy
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Raising Healthy Eaters “Raising a
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