Nutrition Science and Everyday Application - beta v 0.1

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VITAMINS AND MINERALS INVOLVED IN ENERGY METABOLISM 533 • Table 9.1. “Vitamins and minerals involved in energy metabolism” by Heather Leonard is licensed under CC BY 4.0 • Figure 9.15. “Folate and the formation of macrocytic anemia” by Allison Calabrese is licensed under CC BY 4.0 • Figure 9.16. “Spina bifida in infants” by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is in the Public Domain • Figure 9.17. “Dietary sources of folate” by Alice Callahan is licensed under CC BY 4.0, with images: spinach by Nathan Nugent, black-eyed peas by Jasmine Waheed, breakfast cereal by John Matychuk, rice by Mgg Vitchakorn, asparagus by Stephanie Studer, and sliced bread by Stephanie Harvey, all on Unsplash (license information). • Figure 9.18. “Dietary sources of vitamin B12” by Alice Callahan is licensed under CC BY 4.0, with images: Clams by Eiliv-Sonas Aceron, salmon filets by Caroline Attwood, sirloin by Emerson Vieira, glass of milk by Kim Gorga, all on Unsplash (license information); Nutritional yeast in bag by Tony Webster is licensed under CC BY 2.0.
Vitamins and Minerals Involved in Blood Health Blood is essential to life. It transports absorbed nutrients and oxygen to cells, removes metabolic waste products for excretion, and carries molecules, such as hormones, to allow for communication between organs. Blood is a connective tissue of the circulatory system, made up of four components forming a matrix: • red blood cells (or erythrocytes), which transport oxygen to cells • white blood cells (or leukocytes), which are part of the immune system and help destroy foreign invaders • platelets, which are fragments of cells that circulate to assist in blood clotting • plasma, which is the fluid portion of the blood and contains proteins that help transport nutrients (e.g., fat-soluble vitamins) and aid in blood clotting. Maintaining healthy blood, including its continuous renewal, is essential to support its vital functions. Blood health is acutely sensitive to deficiencies in some vitamins and minerals,especially iron and vitamin K. IRON Iron is a trace mineral. It is a necessary component of many proteins in the body responsible for functions such as the transport of oxygen energy metabolism, immune function, and antioxidant defense. Iron is also important in brain development and function. Iron is essential for oxygen transport because of its role in hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen to cells and gives red blood cells their color. Hemoglobin is composed of four globular peptides, each with an iron-containing heme complex in the center (Figure 9.X). 534
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Nutrition: Science and Everyday App
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Nutrition: Science and Everyday App
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UNIT 3 - MOLECULES OF LIFE: PHOTOSY
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UNIT 9 - VITAMINS AND MINERALS PART
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2 ALICE CALLAHAN, PHD, HEATHER LEON
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About the Authors ALICE CALLAHAN, P
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6 ALICE CALLAHAN, PHD, HEATHER LEON
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Updates Made to OER Date Unit Page
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Introduction to Designing a Healthy
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12 ALICE CALLAHAN, PHD, HEATHER LEO
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Classification of Nutrients Food is
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Introduction to Nutrition Science a
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The Scientific Method Similar to th
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Types of Research Studies and How T
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100 ALICE CALLAHAN, PHD, HEATHER LE
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Finding Accurate Sources of Nutriti
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Who Can You Trust for Nutrition Inf
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UNIT 3 - MOLECULES OF LIFE: PHOTOSY
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Photosynthesis and Metabolism As we
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The Digestive System We just learne
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Introduction to Carbohydrates If so
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Digestion and Absorption of Carbohy
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Glucose Regulation and Utilization
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Sugar: Food Sources, Health Implica
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UNIT 5- LIPIDS 246
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The Functions of Fats Fats serve us
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Lipid Types and Structures Lipids a
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Digestion and Absorption of Lipids
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UNIT 6- PROTEIN 304
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Protein Digestion and Absorption Wh
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Protein Food Choices and Sustainabi
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Introduction to Energy Balance On D
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Energy Balance: Energy In, Energy O
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Indicators of Health: BMI, Body Com
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Best Practices For Weight Managemen
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UNIT 8 - VITAMINS AND MINERALS PART
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Dietary Supplements By now you know
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Vitamins and Minerals Involved In F
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Nutrition in Early Infancy Infancy
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Raising Healthy Eaters “Raising a
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