Nutrition Science and Everyday Application - beta v 0.1

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INDICATORS OF HEALTH: BMI, BODY COMPOSITION, AND METABOLIC HEALTH 389 Figure 7.12. Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) Keep in mind that body composition can be hard to measure accurately when using inexpensive and accessible techniques like skinfold testing and BIA. Your best bet is to pick one method and use that method over time to compare numbers and see how they change. Just don’t get too hung up on the actual number, as the accuracy will be questionable depending on the method chosen. MEASURING FAT DISTRIBUTION Total body fat is one predictor of health; another is how the fat is distributed in the body. The location of fat is important, because people who store fat more centrally (apple-shaped) have a higher risk for chronic disease—like cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes—compared to people who store fat in the hips, thighs, and buttocks (pear-shaped). This is because visceral fat that surrounds vital organs (common in central obesity or appleshaped fat patterning) is more metabolically active, releasing more hormones and inflammatory factors thought to contribute to disease risk compared to subcutaneous fat.
390 ALICE CALLAHAN, PHD, HEATHER LEONARD, MED, RDN, AND TAMBERLY POWELL, MS, RDN Subcutaneous fat stored just below the skin (common in pear-shaped fat patterning) does not seem to significantly increase the risk for chronic disease. Figure 7.13. Fat can be located in the abdominal region (apple shape) or hips, thighs, and buttocks (pear shape). Body fat distribution can be measured by waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio, both of which only require a measuring tape. • Waist circumference is measured just above the hip bone, level with your belly button. Men with a waist circumference greater than 40 inches and women with a waist circumference greater than 35 inches are predicted to face greater health risks. • Waist-to-hip ratio is calculated by measuring waist circumference and hip circumference (at its widest part) and dividing the two values. Abdominal obesity is defined by the World Health Organization as a waist-to-hip ratio above 0.90 for males and above 0.85 for females.
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Nutrition: Science and Everyday App
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Nutrition: Science and Everyday App
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UNIT 3 - MOLECULES OF LIFE: PHOTOSY
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UNIT 9 - VITAMINS AND MINERALS PART
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2 ALICE CALLAHAN, PHD, HEATHER LEON
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About the Authors ALICE CALLAHAN, P
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6 ALICE CALLAHAN, PHD, HEATHER LEON
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Updates Made to OER Date Unit Page
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Introduction to Designing a Healthy
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Classification of Nutrients Food is
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Introduction to Nutrition Science a
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The Scientific Method Similar to th
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Types of Research Studies and How T
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100 ALICE CALLAHAN, PHD, HEATHER LE
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Finding Accurate Sources of Nutriti
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Who Can You Trust for Nutrition Inf
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UNIT 3 - MOLECULES OF LIFE: PHOTOSY
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Photosynthesis and Metabolism As we
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The Digestive System We just learne
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Introduction to Carbohydrates If so
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Digestion and Absorption of Carbohy
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Glucose Regulation and Utilization
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Sugar: Food Sources, Health Implica
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UNIT 5- LIPIDS 246
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The Functions of Fats Fats serve us
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Lipid Types and Structures Lipids a
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Digestion and Absorption of Lipids
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UNIT 6- PROTEIN 304
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Page 347 and 348: Protein Digestion and Absorption Wh
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Dietary Supplements By now you know
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Vitamins and Minerals Involved In F
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Vitamins Important for Vision Visio
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Introduction to Vitamins and Minera
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Introduction to Bone Health The hum
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Calcium: Critical for Bones and Thr
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Vitamin D: Important to Bone Health
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Vitamins and Minerals Involved in B
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Introduction to Nutrition and Physi
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UNIT 11 — NUTRITION THROUGHOUT TH
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Nutrition in Early Infancy Infancy
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Raising Healthy Eaters “Raising a
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