Dokumentation og evaluering mellem forvaltning og pdagogik ... - Bupl
Dokumentation og evaluering mellem forvaltning og pdagogik ... - Bupl
Dokumentation og evaluering mellem forvaltning og pdagogik ... - Bupl
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tillgang til kunnskap. Ansvaret for kunnskap <strong>og</strong> etikk går delvis over til organisasjonsledelser<br />
<strong>og</strong> til aktører utenfor ens egen profesjon.” (Svensson <strong>og</strong> Karlson 2008: 273) Svensson <strong>og</strong><br />
Karlsson opsummerer de sidste års udvikling som værende overgang fra ansvar under tillid<br />
(responsibility) til, at tage ansvar gennem redegørelser for sin virksomhed (accountability).<br />
De professionelle må kunne gøre mere direkte rede for resultaterne over for arbejdsgivere <strong>og</strong><br />
klienter, hvor det betyder mindre at være kollegialt ansvarlige ud fra kundskab <strong>og</strong> etik.<br />
Professionalisme<br />
Evetts beskriver hvordan den forståelse der har kendetegnet de traditionelle professioner, som<br />
normativt funderede <strong>og</strong> regulerede, med stigende udgifter til opretholdelse af velfærdsstatens<br />
ydelser <strong>og</strong> krav til effektivisering, rationalisering <strong>og</strong> besparelser, trænges i baggrunden af en<br />
anden forståelse af professionalisme - en forståelse som har rod i ledelse <strong>og</strong> management. Her<br />
er den normative regulering erstattet med kontrol af ideol<strong>og</strong>i <strong>og</strong> effekter ”in short the state is<br />
engaged in trying to redefine professionalism so that it becomes more commercially aware,<br />
budget-focused, managerial, entrepreneurial and so forth.” (Evetts 2003; 407-408).<br />
Professionsfænomenet <strong>og</strong> –diskurserne har ændret karakter i de nutidige samfund. Evetts<br />
peger på, at der har udviklet sig to forskellige <strong>og</strong> modstridende former for professionalisme<br />
”organizational professionalism” <strong>og</strong> ”occupational professionalism”. Sidstnævnte er ”the more<br />
traditional, historical form. This involves a discourse constructed within professional groups<br />
themselves that involves discretionary decision-making in complex cases, collegial authority,<br />
the occupational control of the work and is based on trust in the practitioner by both clients<br />
and employers. It is operationalized and controlled by practitioners themselves and is based on<br />
shared education and training, a strong socialization process, work culture and occupational<br />
identity, and codes of ethics that are monitored and operationalized by professional institutes<br />
and associations.” (Evetts 2003: 141).<br />
Denne form for professionalisme er under pres fra “organizational professionalism” som er: “a<br />
discourse of control used increasingsly by managers in work organizations. It incorporates<br />
rational-legal forms of decision-making, hierarchial structures of authority, the standardization<br />
of work practices, accountability, target-setting and performance review and is on occupational<br />
training and certification.” (Evetts 2003: 140-141).<br />
Professions- <strong>og</strong> professionalismediskussionerne hænger sammen med udviklingen i det<br />
såkaldte videnssamfund eller risikosamfund, <strong>og</strong> problemerne med at regulere <strong>og</strong> styre<br />
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