Mozley: A Treatise on the Augustinian Doctrine of

278 Scholastic Doctrine CHAP. x.
As then in the simpler and Augustinian, so in the com
plex and Aristotelian statement of the doctrine of grace,
in which the distinction of habitual and actual is intro
duced, Aquinas maintains, we see, an irresistible or effec
tive grace. Habitual is grace guarded carefully at both
ends from dependence on the human will. It was alike
imparted and applied by an act of Divine Power. Had
the spiritual habit been either obtained in the first instance
by an act of the will, or, when imparted as a free gift, de
pended for its use on the will, a place for freewill would
have been allowed. But if freewill comes in neither at the
beginning o o nor at the end, neither as obtaining o the habit
in the first instance nor as using it in the next, or causing
it to terminate in act, one operation of an irresistible
Divine influence is maintained throughout.
The Summa Theologica thus lays down a doctrine of
absolute predestination, with its complemental doctrine of
irresistible grace that the whole world, being by original
sin one mass of perdition, it pleased Grod of His sovereign
mercy to rescue some and to leave others where they were;
to raise some to glory, giving them such grace as neces-
tantunimodo sine quibits actus vo- ground
of merit from man. Did he
lendi vel videndi non fit. p. use habitual grace by his own power
935. And this motion of libcruin of choice, he would have the merit
aibitrium at the time, is produced of his own use of this grace (p. 186.);
by grace at the time gratia sped- but if this grace is put in action by
alls, actualis adjutorium gratise another grace, no ground of merit
actualis quod tune datur, quando in the man himself remains. And
act u volumus et operamur. ... in- a distinction is drawn in this respiraus
eliam habitualiter justis spect between fallen man and the
velle et operari. pp. 151. 153. He angels. -Hinc nascebatur ut neque
adds: Tota disputatio cum Pelagio volitiones neque actiones augelorum
de justorum, hoc est, habitualeru essent specialia Dei dona, hoc est,
gratiam jam habentium fervuit. . . non eis Deus speciali donatione sou
Non ita deliravit Pelagius, ut exis- gratia largiretur. Tantummodo
timaret justitiam habitualem, ad enim donabat ea in radice, quatenus
opera justa suo modo non adjuvare. eis adjutorium quoddam gratise tri-
p. 153. Actualis gratia thus buebat, sine quo . . . non poterant:
gives the completum posse, which sed ipsum velle, agere, et perseveis
per liberum arbitrium remotior, rare, non eis dabat adjutorium gratiae,
per fidem propinquior, per chari- sed propria voluntas . . . Tune igitur
tatem multo propinquior, per ac- velle et agere bonum non erat spetualem
gratiam, really had. p.
ciale Dei donum, sed tantum gene-
338. This position is maintained rale. pp. 935, 936.
as the only one which cuts off i.he