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le, without gett<strong>in</strong>g entangled <strong>in</strong> philosophical disputes or<br />

abstract controversy, we can def<strong>in</strong>e man as hav<strong>in</strong>g two com-<br />

plementary natures, very <strong>in</strong>timately <strong>in</strong>terrelated and cont<strong>in</strong>u-<br />

ally <strong>in</strong>teract<strong>in</strong>g upon each other. These are the <strong>in</strong>ner nature<br />

and the outer nature. Or one might say that man has one na-<br />

ture only with two bridged sections hardly separable from<br />

each other. One is <strong>in</strong>ternal and another external. The <strong>in</strong>ternal<br />

nature of man refers to the Ruh (soul or self or heart) and<br />

'Aql (m<strong>in</strong>d or power of reason<strong>in</strong>g or <strong>in</strong>telligence).<br />

In our illustration of the <strong>in</strong>ternal nature of man we shall<br />

have to deal with two aspects: (1) the spiritual or moral as-<br />

pect and (2) the <strong>in</strong>tellectual aspect. The rest of man's activi-<br />

ties and transactions will have to be classified as the external<br />

or outer nature of man. After all, it is a universally admitted<br />

fact that man does not live by bread alone.<br />

Spiritual Life<br />

THE INNER NATURE<br />

<strong>Islam</strong> organizes the spiritual or moral life of man <strong>in</strong> such<br />

a way as to provide him with all the spiritual nourishment<br />

needed for piety and righteousness, for safety and peace.<br />

The <strong>Islam</strong>ic prescription for the spiritual life of man grants,<br />

when faithfully applied, maximum positive results as far as

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