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Righteousness (Birr)<br />

<strong>Islam</strong> always warns aga<strong>in</strong>st superficial concepts and<br />

rituals, aga<strong>in</strong>st lifeless formalities and non-effective beliefs.<br />

In one representative verse God expla<strong>in</strong>s the full mean<strong>in</strong>g of<br />

righteousness as follows:<br />

"It is not the righteousness that you turn<br />

your faces (<strong>in</strong> Prayer) towards east or<br />

west; but it is the righteousness to believe<br />

<strong>in</strong> God and the Last Day, and the Angels<br />

and the Book, and the Messengers; to<br />

spend out of your wealth - <strong>in</strong> spite of your<br />

love for it - for your k<strong>in</strong>, for orphans, for<br />

the needy, for the wayfarer, for those who<br />

ask. and for the ransom of slaves; to be<br />

steadfast <strong>in</strong> Prayer and pay Zakah; to fulfill<br />

the contracts which you have made; and to<br />

be firm and patient, <strong>in</strong> pa<strong>in</strong> and adversity,<br />

and throughout all periods of panic, those<br />

arethe pious."<br />

(Our'an. 2:177)<br />

In this verse there is a beautiful and clear description of<br />

the righteous man. He should obey all the salutary regula-<br />

tions, and should make his s<strong>in</strong>cere motive the Love of God<br />

and the love of his fellow man for the Sake of God. Here we<br />

have four elements: (i) our Faith should be true and s<strong>in</strong>cere,<br />

(ii) we must be prepared to show it <strong>in</strong> deeds of charity and<br />

k<strong>in</strong>dness to our fellow men, (iii) we must be good citizens<br />

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