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6. By the time Revelations were completed, the Mus- lims were in possession of many complete records of the Qur'an. They were recited, memorized, studied and used for all daily purposes, Whenever a difference arose, the matter was referred to the Prophet himself to settle the issue, whether it was connected with the text or the meaning or the intonation. 7. After the death of Muhammad, the Qur'an was al- ready committed to many Muslim memories and numerous recording tables. But even that did not satisfy Abu Bakr, the First Caliph, who was afraid that the death of large numbers of memorizers in battles might lead to serious confusion about the Qur'an. So he consulted the leading authorities and then entrusted Zaid ibn Thabit, Muhammad' s Chief Scribe of Revelations, to compile a Standard and complete copy of the Book in the same order as authorized by Muhammad himself. He did that under the supervision of the Companions of the Prophet and with their help. The final and complete version was checked and approved by all Muslims who heard the Qur'an from Muhammad and committed it to their memories and hearts. This was done less than two years after Mu- hammad's death. Revelations were still fresh and alive in the minds of scribes, memorizers and other Muslim Companions of the Prophet, 8. During the Caliphate of 'Uthman, about fifteen years after Muhammad, the compiled copies of the Qur'an were «(37^>-
distributed widely in the new territories which came into contact with Islam. Most of the inhabitants did not see Mu- hammad or hear him. Due to regional and geographical fac- tors, they were reading the Qur'an with slightly different ac- cents. Differences in recitation and intonation began to arise and cause disputes among Musiims. 'Uthman acted swiftly to meet the situation. After mutual consultation with all the leading authorities, he formed a committee of four men made iip of the former Scribes of Revelations. Ali the copies in use were collected and replaced by one Standard copy which was to be used according to the accent and dialect of Quraish, the very same dialect and accent of Muhammad himself. That dialect was adopted and standardized because it was the best of all dialects and the one in which the Qur'an was revealed. Thus, the Qur'an was again restricted to the accent and dialect of the man who received it. And from that time onwards, the same standardized version has been in use without the slightest change in words or order or even punc- tuation marks. From these observations, scholars have concluded that the Qur'an stands today as it first came down, and as it always will be. To it there has never been any addition; from it there was no omission; and in it there occurred no corrup- tion. Its history is as clear as daylight; its authenticity is un- questionable; and its complete preservation is beyond doubt. The Qur'an is full of unexemplified wisdom with regard »•>'•!*::'-:•:»:•«-:
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CONTENTS FOREWORD 1 CHAPTER 1 THE I
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2. The Noon Prayer (Salatu-z-Zuhr)
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5. Other Aspects of the Family Life
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TO t %E < WO ( B
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Along with these indifferent, withd
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convey the Divine Message to the wh
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CHAPTER 1 THE IDEOLOGICAL FOUNDATIO
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every city or town has a mayor; eve
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to keep everything in order. In the
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So glory to God, the Lord of the wo
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Kind to His creatures. If we try to
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Muhammad and the teachings of the G
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impressive marvels of the world are
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Muhammad and that Islam is no more
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freedom. On the contrary, it gives
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every man of good will and conscien
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Finally, the word "Allah" in Islam
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and that which was given to all pro
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or sensory perception alone (16:49-
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Right Path and remind them that the
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and to our fellow human beings. To
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velopment is normal and if he is sa
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action, belief and practice. Faith
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14. The true Muslim believes that F
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come in a state of Iively interacti
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heres to the Qur'an alone and regar
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CHHPTER II THE BASIC CONCEPTS OF IS
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9. Those who love their near and di
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'Three qualities are the sign of so
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y supporting charitable institution
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In these verses we find that piety
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their teachings as consistent and c
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ments Prophet Muhammad wisely advis
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moral nature. It is not to deprive
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Sin One of the major troublesome ar
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His own Spirit (Qur'an, 15:29; 32:9
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able only if the offended pardons t
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induced by force. Furthermore, Isla
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The differences of race, color, or
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The Muslim believes in the unity of
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In another basic sense, a community
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fight what is wrong, and believe in
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conscientiousness and social belong
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More specifically, the Muslim's rel
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5. To make a Pilgrimage to the Holy
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In a remarkable, typical passage, t
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in contempt; (Nor) those who spend
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"Whatever is given to you (here) is
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Your Lord knows best what is iri yo
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(precepts of) wisdom, which your Lo
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lam. These Islamic morals are uniqu
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gives because he knows that he is n
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overemphasis on spirituality and re
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how they may help him to find his w
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was no surprise to the Creator. Nor
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the natural right of man, every man
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ness and motivating power. The only
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daily transactions. The interaction
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only interested in our prosperity a
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1 0. An abundant source of patience
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Prayer. Failure to observe these Pr
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one hour and thirty minutes after s
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1 . Declare the intention that the
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Complete Substitute for Ablution [T
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It should be pointed out that at th
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6. (Allah is ihe Greatest), (repeat
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Wuquf Position Act 2. He then says
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This is called Ruku'. After that th
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Act 9. Finally he turns his face to
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after the third unit, which ends wi
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"O God! To You do we pray and prost
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5. The followers should follow the
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3. It is a convention for Muslims t
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The earlier and the late Sunna unit
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spiritual devotion and humanitarian
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ethren. A true Muslim would be deep
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ances doing the same thing as he di
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t O J i ' *- 4 J. t w < ^ 4 ^ o. t
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There is no god but God, and we wor
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Making Up for Delaycd Prayers 1 . A
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Any Prayer which becomes invalidate
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Allahumma- ghfir li hayyina wa mayy
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treasure, and make him for us a ple
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8. The time of entering a boat; 9.
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c**-*i jjJUI JpIj-^» CD fl—--.^
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that Muhammad is His bondman and Hi
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Interpretation (b) Lam yolid wa lam
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Fasting (Rl-Sawm) Another unique mo
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man of personality and character, t
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over his passions, disciplines his
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ing. However, we may, for the sake
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solve but transfuses. It does not d
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as forbidden for him as his mother
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they can fast even for one day of t
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General Recommendations It is stron
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in kind or coin which a Muslim with
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private possessions, yet it does no
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cause Zakah is the Legislation of G
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ment taxes. However, the Muslims of
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animals, peace with birds and even
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for Prophet Muhammad, who laid the
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This interpretation is enlightened
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Concluding Remarks Visiting the tom
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cause the money value of the animal
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name in this context seems an obvio
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le, without getting entangled in ph
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1 . True knowledge based on clear p
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every aspect of his life. Easy comi
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1. Purity and Cleanliness It is an
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of society, and eventually of human
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develop their dignity and chastity,
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which build up the enduring physiqu
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Family Life (2) There have been man
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ful survival of the human race. It
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may have acquired prior to or after
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should be well on the way to a happ
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wife has the right to be clothed, f
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With respect to intimacy, the wife
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ties for its kindness to children.
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But if they step out of their prope
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Man is ordained by God to extend hi
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Social Life The social life of the
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and care, should he become disablcd
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state of Islam. And hold fast, all
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O people! Listen to my words and un
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tive Communism never arises. The en
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of all blessing, but will give incr
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not a token of virtuous excellence
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prietors, The economic system of Is
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is not pragmatic or instrumentalist
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mind God for God is Well-Acquainted
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5. The ruler, any ruler, is not a s
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age as such constitute no significa
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tenis and doctrines known to mankin
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Muhammad himself, although wise, "i
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different course, then he is bound
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ing of the Qur'an, the practice of
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International Life The internationa
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not live just for itself and its ow
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3. The Islamic ideology has all the
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Questions of the "Holy War", the "A
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Although realistic in its approach,
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Even in the propagation of Islam a
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Bringing the severe boycott to an e
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organized from Mecca. They were dri
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gain their peace and freedom, to re
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There is still one more trend adopt
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earth. Orders were issued from Rome
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tion. In some areas they were warml
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nomenon that some of the "conquered
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The attempt to interpret the Muslim
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nomic gains and military spoils. Ev
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in any way to belittle his role or
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Be that as it may, the more importa
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neither a father nor a mother. And
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orn, the day that I die, and the da
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your mother. Behold! I strengthened
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and seek His Forgiveness? For God i
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authority. And for their Covenant W
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elief that Jesus was crucified rais
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as Joseph of Armathaea? This Joseph
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tions, the concept of God, the stat
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The nature of this survey does not
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view of Afro-Asian bishops who pref
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ject because it was then a matter o
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The passage vvas revealed after the
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Page 344 and 345: dren is fundamental. Besides, it is
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Page 348 and 349: i s a broken heart here or there, a
Page 350 and 351: than to be free in committing immor
Page 352 and 353: 2. Muhammad never said that he was
Page 354 and 355: ages at all. Most o( his marriages
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Page 358 and 359: Here, aeain, Muhammad carried his s
Page 360 and 361: 4. Marriage and Divorce (3) One of
Page 362 and 363: take his responsibilities, financia
Page 364 and 365: In applving divorce to such a diffi
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Page 368 and 369: one's mate in which God has placed
Page 370 and 371: It is not the tone of Islam that br
Page 372 and 373: through and acquired her new status
Page 374 and 375: 3. She is equal to man in the pursu
Page 376 and 377: take it away or disinherit her. Eve
Page 378 and 379: tvveen we have some property and ai
Page 380 and 381: the family expenses. She is free to
Page 382 and 383: 12. The Muslim woman is always asso
Page 384 and 385: "O mankind! reverence your Guardian
Page 386 and 387: people to teach the whole of mankin
Page 390 and 391: to its source, its characteristics
Page 392 and 393: throughout the ages. The distinctiv
Page 394 and 395: ious doctrines, a revolution whose
Page 396 and 397: sights or visions when the qualifie
Page 398 and 399: nch opponents. His character, his s
Page 400 and 401: Divine guidance. It is only the beg
Page 402 and 403: the Qur'an is such that it is unive
Page 404 and 405: Noon Congregational Prayers which m
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