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ages at all. Most o( his marriages were contracted in a period of about five years. vvhen he was passing the most difficult and trying stage in his mission. It was at that tiine that Mus- lims were engaged in decisive battles and entangled in an endless circle of trouble from within as well as from without. It was at that time that the Islamic legislation was in the making, and the foundations of an Islamic society were be- ing laid down. The faet that Muhammad was the most domi- nant figure in these events and the center around which they revolved, and that most of his marriages took place diiring this particular period is an extremely interesting phenome- non. It invites the serious attention of historians, sociologi- sts. legislators, psychologists, etc. It cannot be interpreted simply in terms of physical attractions and lustful passions. 1 i fe . During 8. Muhammad lived a most simple, austere, and modest the day he was the busiest man of his era as he was Head of State, Chief of Justice, Commander-in-Chief, Instructor, etc, all at once, At night he was the most devoted man. He used to stay one to two-thirds of every night vigi- lant in Prayers and meditation (Qur'an, 73:20). His furniture consisted of mats, jugs, blankets and such simple things, although he was the king and sovereign of Arabia. His life was so severe and austere that his wives once pressed him for worldly comforts bu t they never had any (cf. Qur'an, 33:28). Obviously, that was not the life of a lustful and passionate man. —
9. The wives he took were all vvidows or divorced with the exception of one minor giri, 'A'ishah. None of these widowed and divorced wives vvas particularly known for physical charms or beauties. Some of them were senior to him in age, and practically all of them sought his hand and shelter. or were presented to him as gifts but he took them as legal wives. This is the general background of the Prophet's marriages, and it can never give any impressions that these marriages were in response to physical needs or biologieal pres- sures. It is inconceivable to think that he maintained so large a number of wives because of personal designs or physical wants. Anyone, a friend or a foe, who doubts the moral in- tegrity or the spiritual excellence of Muhammad on account of his marriages has to find satisfactory explanations of questions like these: Why did he start his first marriage at the age of 25 after having had no association with any fe- male? Why did he choose a twice-widowed older lady who was 15 years senior to him? Why did he remain with her only until her death when he was over fifty? Why did he ac- cept all those helpless widows and divorcees who possessed no particular appealing qualities? Why did he lead such an austere and hard life, when he could have had an easy and comfortable course? Why did he contract most of his marriages in the busiest five years in his life, when his mission and career were at stake? How could he manaee to be what
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CONTENTS FOREWORD 1 CHAPTER 1 THE I
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2. The Noon Prayer (Salatu-z-Zuhr)
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5. Other Aspects of the Family Life
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TO t %E < WO ( B
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Along with these indifferent, withd
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convey the Divine Message to the wh
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CHAPTER 1 THE IDEOLOGICAL FOUNDATIO
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every city or town has a mayor; eve
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to keep everything in order. In the
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So glory to God, the Lord of the wo
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Kind to His creatures. If we try to
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Muhammad and the teachings of the G
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impressive marvels of the world are
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Muhammad and that Islam is no more
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freedom. On the contrary, it gives
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every man of good will and conscien
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Finally, the word "Allah" in Islam
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and that which was given to all pro
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or sensory perception alone (16:49-
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Right Path and remind them that the
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and to our fellow human beings. To
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velopment is normal and if he is sa
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action, belief and practice. Faith
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14. The true Muslim believes that F
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come in a state of Iively interacti
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heres to the Qur'an alone and regar
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CHHPTER II THE BASIC CONCEPTS OF IS
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9. Those who love their near and di
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'Three qualities are the sign of so
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y supporting charitable institution
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In these verses we find that piety
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their teachings as consistent and c
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ments Prophet Muhammad wisely advis
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moral nature. It is not to deprive
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Sin One of the major troublesome ar
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His own Spirit (Qur'an, 15:29; 32:9
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able only if the offended pardons t
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induced by force. Furthermore, Isla
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The differences of race, color, or
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The Muslim believes in the unity of
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In another basic sense, a community
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fight what is wrong, and believe in
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conscientiousness and social belong
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More specifically, the Muslim's rel
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5. To make a Pilgrimage to the Holy
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In a remarkable, typical passage, t
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in contempt; (Nor) those who spend
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"Whatever is given to you (here) is
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Your Lord knows best what is iri yo
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(precepts of) wisdom, which your Lo
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lam. These Islamic morals are uniqu
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gives because he knows that he is n
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overemphasis on spirituality and re
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how they may help him to find his w
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was no surprise to the Creator. Nor
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the natural right of man, every man
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ness and motivating power. The only
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daily transactions. The interaction
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only interested in our prosperity a
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1 0. An abundant source of patience
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Prayer. Failure to observe these Pr
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one hour and thirty minutes after s
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1 . Declare the intention that the
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Complete Substitute for Ablution [T
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It should be pointed out that at th
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6. (Allah is ihe Greatest), (repeat
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Wuquf Position Act 2. He then says
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This is called Ruku'. After that th
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Act 9. Finally he turns his face to
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after the third unit, which ends wi
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"O God! To You do we pray and prost
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5. The followers should follow the
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3. It is a convention for Muslims t
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The earlier and the late Sunna unit
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spiritual devotion and humanitarian
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ethren. A true Muslim would be deep
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ances doing the same thing as he di
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t O J i ' *- 4 J. t w < ^ 4 ^ o. t
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There is no god but God, and we wor
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Making Up for Delaycd Prayers 1 . A
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Any Prayer which becomes invalidate
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Allahumma- ghfir li hayyina wa mayy
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treasure, and make him for us a ple
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8. The time of entering a boat; 9.
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c**-*i jjJUI JpIj-^» CD fl—--.^
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that Muhammad is His bondman and Hi
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Interpretation (b) Lam yolid wa lam
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Fasting (Rl-Sawm) Another unique mo
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man of personality and character, t
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over his passions, disciplines his
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ing. However, we may, for the sake
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solve but transfuses. It does not d
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as forbidden for him as his mother
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they can fast even for one day of t
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General Recommendations It is stron
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in kind or coin which a Muslim with
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private possessions, yet it does no
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cause Zakah is the Legislation of G
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ment taxes. However, the Muslims of
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animals, peace with birds and even
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for Prophet Muhammad, who laid the
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This interpretation is enlightened
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Concluding Remarks Visiting the tom
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cause the money value of the animal
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name in this context seems an obvio
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le, without getting entangled in ph
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1 . True knowledge based on clear p
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every aspect of his life. Easy comi
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1. Purity and Cleanliness It is an
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of society, and eventually of human
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develop their dignity and chastity,
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which build up the enduring physiqu
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Family Life (2) There have been man
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ful survival of the human race. It
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may have acquired prior to or after
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should be well on the way to a happ
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wife has the right to be clothed, f
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With respect to intimacy, the wife
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ties for its kindness to children.
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But if they step out of their prope
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Man is ordained by God to extend hi
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Social Life The social life of the
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and care, should he become disablcd
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state of Islam. And hold fast, all
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O people! Listen to my words and un
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tive Communism never arises. The en
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of all blessing, but will give incr
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not a token of virtuous excellence
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prietors, The economic system of Is
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is not pragmatic or instrumentalist
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mind God for God is Well-Acquainted
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5. The ruler, any ruler, is not a s
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age as such constitute no significa
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tenis and doctrines known to mankin
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Muhammad himself, although wise, "i
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different course, then he is bound
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ing of the Qur'an, the practice of
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International Life The internationa
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not live just for itself and its ow
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3. The Islamic ideology has all the
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Questions of the "Holy War", the "A
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Although realistic in its approach,
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Even in the propagation of Islam a
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Bringing the severe boycott to an e
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organized from Mecca. They were dri
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gain their peace and freedom, to re
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There is still one more trend adopt
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earth. Orders were issued from Rome
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tion. In some areas they were warml
Page 304 and 305: nomenon that some of the "conquered
Page 306 and 307: The attempt to interpret the Muslim
Page 308 and 309: nomic gains and military spoils. Ev
Page 310 and 311: in any way to belittle his role or
Page 312 and 313: Be that as it may, the more importa
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Page 316 and 317: orn, the day that I die, and the da
Page 318 and 319: your mother. Behold! I strengthened
Page 320 and 321: and seek His Forgiveness? For God i
Page 322 and 323: authority. And for their Covenant W
Page 324 and 325: elief that Jesus was crucified rais
Page 326 and 327: as Joseph of Armathaea? This Joseph
Page 328 and 329: tions, the concept of God, the stat
Page 330 and 331: The nature of this survey does not
Page 332 and 333: view of Afro-Asian bishops who pref
Page 334 and 335: ject because it was then a matter o
Page 336 and 337: The passage vvas revealed after the
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Page 340 and 341: and wili look for some other kind o
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Page 344 and 345: dren is fundamental. Besides, it is
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Page 348 and 349: i s a broken heart here or there, a
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Page 352 and 353: 2. Muhammad never said that he was
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Page 358 and 359: Here, aeain, Muhammad carried his s
Page 360 and 361: 4. Marriage and Divorce (3) One of
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Page 364 and 365: In applving divorce to such a diffi
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Page 368 and 369: one's mate in which God has placed
Page 370 and 371: It is not the tone of Islam that br
Page 372 and 373: through and acquired her new status
Page 374 and 375: 3. She is equal to man in the pursu
Page 376 and 377: take it away or disinherit her. Eve
Page 378 and 379: tvveen we have some property and ai
Page 380 and 381: the family expenses. She is free to
Page 382 and 383: 12. The Muslim woman is always asso
Page 384 and 385: "O mankind! reverence your Guardian
Page 386 and 387: people to teach the whole of mankin
Page 388 and 389: 6. By the time Revelations were com
Page 390 and 391: to its source, its characteristics
Page 392 and 393: throughout the ages. The distinctiv
Page 394 and 395: ious doctrines, a revolution whose
Page 396 and 397: sights or visions when the qualifie
Page 398 and 399: nch opponents. His character, his s
Page 400 and 401: Divine guidance. It is only the beg
Page 402 and 403: the Qur'an is such that it is unive
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Noon Congregational Prayers which m
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