Chapter 4 – <strong>Milk</strong> <strong>and</strong> dairy products as part of the diet 179 Thacher, T.D., Fischer, P.R., Stoud, M.A., & Pettifor, J.M. 2006a. <strong>Nutrition</strong>al rickets around the world: causes <strong>and</strong> future directions. Ann. Trop. Paediatr., 26: 1–16. Thacher, T.D., Fischer, P.R., Isichei, C.O. & Pettifor, J.M. 2006b. Early response to vitam<strong>in</strong> D 2 <strong>in</strong> children with calcium deficiency rickets. J. Pediatr., 149: 840–844. Thacher, T.D., Obadof<strong>in</strong>, M.O., O’Brien, K.O. & Abrams, S.A. 2009. The effect of vitam<strong>in</strong> D 2 <strong>and</strong> vitam<strong>in</strong> D 3 on <strong>in</strong>test<strong>in</strong>al calcium absorption <strong>in</strong> Nigerian children with rickets. J. Cl<strong>in</strong>. Endocr. Metab., 94: 3314–3321. Theobald, H.E. 2005. Dietary calcium <strong>and</strong> health. Brit. J. Nutr., 30: 237–277. Tholstrup, T. 2006. <strong>Dairy</strong> products <strong>and</strong> cardiovascular disease. Curr. Op<strong>in</strong>. Lipidol., 17: 1–10. Thom, T., Haase, N., Rosamond W., Howard V.J., Rumsfeld, J., Manolio, T., Zheng, A.-J., Flegal., K., O’Donnel, C., Kittner, S., Lloyd-Jones, D., Goff, D.C., Jr., Hong, Y., Adams, R., Friday, G., Furie, K., Gorelick, P., Kissela, B., Marler, J., Meigs, J., Roger, V., Sidney, S., Sorlie, P., Ste<strong>in</strong>berger, J., Wasserthiel-Smoller, S., Wilson, M. & Wolf, P. 2006. Heart disease <strong>and</strong> stroke statistics – 2006 update. A report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee <strong>and</strong> Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation, 113: 85. Tong, X., Dong, J.Y., Wu, Z.W., Li W. & Q<strong>in</strong>, L.Q. 2011. <strong>Dairy</strong> consumption <strong>and</strong> risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Eur. J. Cl<strong>in</strong>. Nutr., 65(9): 1027–1031. Tremblay, A. & Gilbert, J.A. 2009. <strong>Milk</strong> products, <strong>in</strong>sul<strong>in</strong> resistance syndrome <strong>and</strong> type 2 diabetes. J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 28(1): 91S–102S. Tremblay, A. & Gilbert, J.A. 2011. <strong>Human</strong> obesity: is <strong>in</strong>sufficient calcium/dairy <strong>in</strong>take part of the problem J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 30(5 Suppl 1): 449S–453S. Trowman, R., Dumville, J.C., Hahn, S. & Torgerson, D.J. 2006. A systematic review of the effects of calcium supplementation on body weight. Brit. J. Nutr., 95(6): 1033–1038. USDA. 2009. USDA national nutrient database for st<strong>and</strong>ard reference. Available at: http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/. Accessed 6 October 2012. USDA & USDHHS. 2010. Dietary guidel<strong>in</strong>es for Americans, 2010. 7th Edition. Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, DC, US Government Pr<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g Office. Available at: http://www.cnpp. usda.gov/Publications/DietaryGuidel<strong>in</strong>es/2010/PolicyDoc/PolicyDoc.pdf. Accessed 1 October 2012. USDHHS. 2000. Oral health <strong>in</strong> America: A report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD, USA. United States Department of Health <strong>and</strong> <strong>Human</strong> Services, National Institute of Dental <strong>and</strong> Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health. USDHHS & USDA. 2005. Dietary guidel<strong>in</strong>es for Americans, 2005. 6th Edition. Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, DC, US Government Pr<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g Office. Available at: http://www. health.gov/dietaryguidel<strong>in</strong>es/dga2005/document/pdf/DGA2005.pdf. Accessed 1 October 2012. van Aerde, M.A., Soedamah-Muthu, S.S., Geleijnse, J.M., Snijder, M.B., Nijpels, G., Stehouwer, C.D. & Dekker, J.M. 2012. <strong>Dairy</strong> <strong>in</strong>take <strong>in</strong> relation to cardiovascular disease mortality <strong>and</strong> all-cause mortality: the Hoorn Study. Eur. J. Nutr. (Epub ahead of pr<strong>in</strong>t). van der Hoeven, J.S. 1985. Effect of calcium lactate <strong>and</strong> calcium lactophosphate on caries activity <strong>in</strong> programme-fed rats. Caries Res., 19(4): 368–370.
180 <strong>Milk</strong> <strong>and</strong> dairy products <strong>in</strong> human nutrition van der Pols, J.C., Ba<strong>in</strong>, C., Gunnell, D., Smith, G.D., Frobisher, C. & Mart<strong>in</strong>, R.M. 2007. Childhood dairy <strong>in</strong>take <strong>and</strong> adult cancer risk: 65-y follow-up of the Boyd Orr cohort. Am. J. Cl<strong>in</strong>. Nutr., 86: 1722–1729. van der Pols, J.C., Gunnell, D., Williams, G.M., Holly, J.M., Ba<strong>in</strong>, C. & Mart<strong>in</strong>, R.M. 2009. Childhood dairy <strong>and</strong> calcium <strong>in</strong>take <strong>and</strong> cardiovascular mortality <strong>in</strong> adulthood: 65-year follow-up of the Boyd Orr cohort. Heart, 95(19): 1600–1606. van Meijl, L.E., Vrolix, R. & Mens<strong>in</strong>k, R.P. 2008. <strong>Dairy</strong> product consumption <strong>and</strong> the metabolic syndrome. Nutr. Res. Rev., 21(2): 148–157. Van Loan, M. 2009. The role of dairy foods <strong>and</strong> dietary calcium <strong>in</strong> weight management. J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 28(1): 120S–129S. Van Loan, M.D., Keim, N.L., Adams, S.A., Souza, E., Woodhouse, L.R., Thomas, A., Witbracht, M., Gertz, E.R., Piccolo, B., Bremer, A.A. & Spurlock, M. 2011. <strong>Dairy</strong> foods <strong>in</strong> a moderate energy restricted diet do not enhance central fat, weight, <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>tra-abdom<strong>in</strong>al adipose tissue losses nor reduce adipocyte size or <strong>in</strong>flammatory markers <strong>in</strong> overweight <strong>and</strong> obese adults: A controlled feed<strong>in</strong>g study. J. Obes., 2011. doi:10.1155/2011/989657. Available at: http://www.h<strong>in</strong>dawi.com/journals/ jobes/2011/989657/. Accessed 6 October 2012. Wang, Y., Harvey, C.B., Hollox, E.J., Phillips, A.D., Poulter, M., Clay, P., Walker- Smith, J.A. & Swallow, D.M. 1998. The genetically programmed down-regulation of lactose <strong>in</strong> children. Gastroenterology, 114: 1230–1236. WCRF & AICR. 2007. Food, nutrition, physical activity, <strong>and</strong> prevention of cancer: A global perspective. London, World Cancer Research Fund; Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, DC, American Institute for Cancer Research. WCRF & AICR. 2008a. The associations between food, nutrition <strong>and</strong> physical activity <strong>and</strong> the risk of breast cancer. WCRF/AICR Systematic Literature Review Cont<strong>in</strong>uous Update Report. London, World Cancer Research Fund; Wash<strong>in</strong>gton DC, American Institute for Cancer Research. WCRF & AICR. 2008b. Food, nutrition, physical activity, <strong>and</strong> the prevention of cancer: a global perspective. WCRF/AICR Expert Report. London, World Cancer Research Fund; Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, DC, American Institute for Cancer Research. Weaver, C.M. 2002. Adolescence the period of dramatic bone growth. Endocr<strong>in</strong>ology, 17: 43–48. Weaver, C.M. 2008. Osteoporosis: the early years. In A.M. Coulston & C.J. Boushey, eds. <strong>Nutrition</strong> <strong>in</strong> the prevention <strong>and</strong> treatment of disease, 2nd Ed., pp. 833–851. San Diego, CA, USA, Academic Press. Weaver, C.M. & Heaney, R.P. 2006. Food sources, supplements <strong>and</strong> bioavailability. In C.M. Weaver & R.P. Heaney, eds. Calcium <strong>in</strong> human health, pp. 129–142. Totowa, NJ, USA, <strong>Human</strong>a Press. Weaver, C.M., Proulx, W.R. & Heaney, R.P. 1999. Choices for achiev<strong>in</strong>g dietary calcium with<strong>in</strong> a vegetarian diet. Am. J. Cl<strong>in</strong>. Nutr., 70: 543S–548S. Weaver, C.M., Teegarden, D., Lyle, R.M., McCabe, G.P., McCabe, L.D., Proulx, W., Kern, M., Sedlock, D., Anderson, D.D., Hillberry, B.M., Peacock, M. & Johnston, C. 2001. Impact of exercise on bone health <strong>and</strong> contra<strong>in</strong>dication of oral contraceptive use <strong>in</strong> young women. Med. Sci. Sports Exer., 33(6): 873–880.
- Page 1 and 2:
MILK dairy products in and human nu
- Page 3 and 4:
cover photo credits front: © EADD/
- Page 5 and 6:
iv 2.7 Emerging issues and challeng
- Page 7 and 8:
vi 5.2 Dairy components 209 5.2.1 M
- Page 9 and 10:
viii 9.2 Key trends and emerging is
- Page 11 and 12:
x 2.5 Per capita energy intake from
- Page 13 and 14:
xii Preface Billions of people arou
- Page 15 and 16:
xiv The publication serves a variet
- Page 17 and 18:
xvi (Research Assistant Professor,
- Page 19 and 20:
xviii Permissions granted by extern
- Page 21 and 22:
xx FPCM fat and protein-corrected m
- Page 23 and 24:
xxii Contributors Anthony Bennett j
- Page 25 and 26:
xxiv from the National University o
- Page 27 and 28:
xxvi Award 2010 along with colleagu
- Page 29 and 30:
2 Milk and dairy products in human
- Page 31 and 32:
4 Milk and dairy products in human
- Page 33 and 34:
6 Milk and dairy products in human
- Page 35 and 36:
8 Milk and dairy products in human
- Page 38 and 39:
11 Chapter 2 Milk availability: Cur
- Page 40 and 41:
Chapter 2 - Milk availability: Curr
- Page 42 and 43:
Chapter 2 - Milk availability: Curr
- Page 44 and 45:
Chapter 2 - Milk availability: Curr
- Page 46 and 47:
Chapter 2 - Milk availability: Curr
- Page 48 and 49:
Chapter 2 - Milk availability: Curr
- Page 50 and 51:
Chapter 2 - Milk availability: Curr
- Page 52 and 53:
Table 2.5 Volume and share of milk
- Page 54 and 55:
Chapter 2 - Milk availability: Curr
- Page 56 and 57:
Chapter 2 - Milk availability: Curr
- Page 58 and 59:
Chapter 2 - Milk availability: Curr
- Page 60 and 61:
Chapter 2 - Milk availability: Curr
- Page 62 and 63:
Chapter 2 - Milk availability: Curr
- Page 64 and 65:
Chapter 2 - Milk availability: Curr
- Page 66 and 67:
Chapter 2 - Milk availability: Curr
- Page 68 and 69:
41 Chapter 3 Milk and dairy product
- Page 70 and 71:
Chapter 3 - Milk and dairy product
- Page 72 and 73:
Table 3.1 Proximate composition of
- Page 74 and 75:
Table 3.2 (continued) Vitamins Ribo
- Page 76 and 77:
Table 3.4 Mineral composition in mi
- Page 78 and 79:
Chapter 3 - Milk and dairy product
- Page 80 and 81:
Chapter 3 - Milk and dairy product
- Page 82 and 83:
Chapter 3 - Milk and dairy product
- Page 84 and 85:
Chapter 3 - Milk and dairy product
- Page 86 and 87:
Chapter 3 - Milk and dairy product
- Page 88 and 89:
Chapter 3 - Milk and dairy product
- Page 90 and 91:
Table 3.6 (continued) Riboflavin Vi
- Page 92 and 93:
Chapter 3 - Milk and dairy product
- Page 94 and 95:
Chapter 3 - Milk and dairy product
- Page 96 and 97:
Chapter 3 - Milk and dairy product
- Page 98 and 99:
Chapter 3 - Milk and dairy product
- Page 100 and 101:
Chapter 3 - Milk and dairy product
- Page 102 and 103:
Chapter 3 - Milk and dairy product
- Page 104 and 105:
Chapter 3 - Milk and dairy product
- Page 106 and 107:
Chapter 3 - Milk and dairy product
- Page 108 and 109:
Chapter 3 - Milk and dairy product
- Page 110 and 111:
Chapter 3 - Milk and dairy product
- Page 112 and 113:
Chapter 3 - Milk and dairy product
- Page 114 and 115:
Chapter 3 - Milk and dairy product
- Page 116 and 117:
Chapter 3 - Milk and dairy product
- Page 118 and 119:
Chapter 3 - Milk and dairy product
- Page 120 and 121:
Chapter 3 - Milk and dairy product
- Page 122 and 123:
Chapter 3 - Milk and dairy product
- Page 124 and 125:
Chapter 3 - Milk and dairy product
- Page 126 and 127:
Chapter 3 - Milk and dairy product
- Page 128 and 129:
Chapter 3 - Milk and dairy product
- Page 130 and 131:
103 Chapter 4 Milk and dairy produc
- Page 132 and 133:
Chapter 4 - Milk and dairy products
- Page 134 and 135:
Table 4.1 Nutrient content of full
- Page 136 and 137:
Table 4.2 Contents of selected nutr
- Page 138 and 139:
Chapter 4 - Milk and dairy products
- Page 140 and 141:
Chapter 4 - Milk and dairy products
- Page 142 and 143:
Chapter 4 - Milk and dairy products
- Page 144 and 145:
Chapter 4 - Milk and dairy products
- Page 146 and 147:
Chapter 4 - Milk and dairy products
- Page 148 and 149:
Chapter 4 - Milk and dairy products
- Page 150 and 151:
Chapter 4 - Milk and dairy products
- Page 152 and 153:
Chapter 4 - Milk and dairy products
- Page 154 and 155:
Chapter 4 - Milk and dairy products
- Page 156 and 157: Chapter 4 - Milk and dairy products
- Page 158 and 159: Chapter 4 - Milk and dairy products
- Page 160 and 161: Chapter 4 - Milk and dairy products
- Page 162 and 163: Chapter 4 - Milk and dairy products
- Page 164 and 165: Chapter 4 - Milk and dairy products
- Page 166 and 167: Chapter 4 - Milk and dairy products
- Page 168 and 169: Chapter 4 - Milk and dairy products
- Page 170 and 171: Chapter 4 - Milk and dairy products
- Page 172 and 173: Chapter 4 - Milk and dairy products
- Page 174 and 175: Table 4.4 Summary of recent review
- Page 176 and 177: Table 4.4 (continued) Reference Die
- Page 178 and 179: Chapter 4 - Milk and dairy products
- Page 180 and 181: Chapter 4 - Milk and dairy products
- Page 182 and 183: Chapter 4 - Milk and dairy products
- Page 184 and 185: Chapter 4 - Milk and dairy products
- Page 186 and 187: Chapter 4 - Milk and dairy products
- Page 188 and 189: Chapter 4 - Milk and dairy products
- Page 190 and 191: Chapter 4 - Milk and dairy products
- Page 192 and 193: Chapter 4 - Milk and dairy products
- Page 194 and 195: Chapter 4 - Milk and dairy products
- Page 196 and 197: Chapter 4 - Milk and dairy products
- Page 198 and 199: Chapter 4 - Milk and dairy products
- Page 200 and 201: Chapter 4 - Milk and dairy products
- Page 202 and 203: Chapter 4 - Milk and dairy products
- Page 204 and 205: Chapter 4 - Milk and dairy products
- Page 208 and 209: Chapter 4 - Milk and dairy products
- Page 210 and 211: Annex Table 4.7 Milk and dairy prod
- Page 212 and 213: Table 4.7 (continued) Region and co
- Page 214 and 215: Table 4.7 (continued) Region and co
- Page 216 and 217: Table 4.7 (continued) Region and co
- Page 218 and 219: Table 4.7 (continued) Region and co
- Page 220 and 221: Table 4.7 (continued) Region and co
- Page 222 and 223: Table 4.7 (continued) Region and co
- Page 224 and 225: Table 4.7 (continued) Region and co
- Page 226 and 227: Table 4.7 (continued) Region and co
- Page 228 and 229: Table 4.7 (continued) Region and co
- Page 230 and 231: Table 4.7 (continued) Region and co
- Page 232 and 233: Chapter 4 - Milk and dairy products
- Page 234 and 235: 207 Chapter 5 Dairy components, pro
- Page 236 and 237: Chapter 5 - Dairy components, produ
- Page 238 and 239: Chapter 5 - Dairy components, produ
- Page 240 and 241: Chapter 5 - Dairy components, produ
- Page 242 and 243: Chapter 5 - Dairy components, produ
- Page 244 and 245: Chapter 5 - Dairy components, produ
- Page 246 and 247: Chapter 5 - Dairy components, produ
- Page 248 and 249: Chapter 5 - Dairy components, produ
- Page 250 and 251: Chapter 5 - Dairy components, produ
- Page 252 and 253: Chapter 5 - Dairy components, produ
- Page 254 and 255: Chapter 5 - Dairy components, produ
- Page 256 and 257:
Chapter 5 - Dairy components, produ
- Page 258 and 259:
Chapter 5 - Dairy components, produ
- Page 260 and 261:
Chapter 5 - Dairy components, produ
- Page 262 and 263:
Annex Table 5.2 EU register of dair
- Page 264 and 265:
Table 5.2 (continued) Claim type Ar
- Page 266 and 267:
Table 5.2 (continued) Claim type Ar
- Page 268 and 269:
Table 5.2 (continued) Claim type Ar
- Page 270 and 271:
243 Chapter 6 Safety and quality Ma
- Page 272 and 273:
Chapter 6 - Safety and quality 245
- Page 274 and 275:
Chapter 6 - Safety and quality 247
- Page 276 and 277:
Chapter 6 - Safety and quality 249
- Page 278 and 279:
Chapter 6 - Safety and quality 251
- Page 280 and 281:
Chapter 6 - Safety and quality 253
- Page 282 and 283:
Chapter 6 - Safety and quality 255
- Page 284 and 285:
Chapter 6 - Safety and quality 257
- Page 286 and 287:
Chapter 6 - Safety and quality 259
- Page 288 and 289:
Chapter 6 - Safety and quality 261
- Page 290 and 291:
Chapter 6 - Safety and quality 263
- Page 292 and 293:
Chapter 6 - Safety and quality 265
- Page 294 and 295:
Chapter 6 - Safety and quality 267
- Page 296 and 297:
Chapter 6 - Safety and quality 269
- Page 298 and 299:
Chapter 6 - Safety and quality 271
- Page 300:
Chapter 6 - Safety and quality 273
- Page 303 and 304:
276 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 305 and 306:
278 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 307 and 308:
280 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 309 and 310:
282 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 311 and 312:
284 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 313 and 314:
286 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 315 and 316:
288 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 317 and 318:
290 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 319 and 320:
292 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 321 and 322:
294 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 323 and 324:
296 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 325 and 326:
298 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 327 and 328:
Table 7.1 (continued) Country/organ
- Page 329 and 330:
Table 7.1 (continued) Country/organ
- Page 331 and 332:
Table 7.1 (continued) Country/organ
- Page 333 and 334:
Table 7.1 (continued) Country/organ
- Page 335 and 336:
Table 7.1 (continued) 308 Country/o
- Page 337 and 338:
Table 7.1 (continued) Country/organ
- Page 339 and 340:
Table 7.1 (continued) Country/organ
- Page 341 and 342:
314 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 343 and 344:
316 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 345 and 346:
318 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 347 and 348:
320 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 349 and 350:
322 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 351 and 352:
324 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 353 and 354:
326 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 355 and 356:
328 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 357 and 358:
330 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 359 and 360:
332 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 361 and 362:
334 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 363 and 364:
336 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 365 and 366:
338 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 367 and 368:
340 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 369 and 370:
342 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 371 and 372:
344 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 373 and 374:
346 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 375 and 376:
348 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 377 and 378:
350 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 379 and 380:
352 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 381 and 382:
354 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 383 and 384:
356 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 385 and 386:
358 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 387 and 388:
360 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 389 and 390:
362 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 391 and 392:
364 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 393 and 394:
366 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 395 and 396:
368 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 397 and 398:
370 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 399 and 400:
372 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 401 and 402:
374 Milk and dairy products in huma
- Page 403 and 404:
376 Milk and dairy products in huma