Milk-and-Dairy-Products-in-Human-Nutrition-FAO

50
Milk and dairy products in human nutrition
Table 3.5
Vitamin content in milk from minor dairy animals (per 100 g of milk)
Mare
Donkey
Dromedary
camel
Bactrian
camel
Daily RNI*
for children,
1–3 yr)
Vitamin A (μg) RE Average 97
Mean
requirement:
400 μg RE
Vitamin E (mg)
(alpha-tocopherol)
Thiamin (mg)
Riboflavin (mg)
Average 0.15
Average 0.03 0.06 0.01 0.5 mg
Range 0.02–0.04
Average 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.5 mg
Range 0.01–0.03
Niacin (mg) Average 0.07 0.09 6* mg
Pantothenic acid
(mg)
Average
2.0 mg
Vitamin B 6 (mg) Average 0.05 0.5 mg
Folate (μg) Average 150 μg
Biotin (μg) Average 8.0 μg
Vitamin B 12 (μg) Average 0.9 μg
Vitamin C (mg)
Average 4.3 3.8 3.0 30 mg
Range 1.7–8.1 2.5–18.4
Vitamin D (μg) Average 1.6 5 μg
Values were obtained from Medhammar et al., 2011. Blank spaces indicate that no data were available.
* Recommended Nutrient Intake values from “Human vitamin and mineral requirements”
(FAO and WHO, 2002).
RE: retinol equivalents in μg = μg retinol + 1/6 μg β-carotene + 1/12 μg other provitamin A carotenoids.
Cow milk
Traditionally, two cattle species have been recognized, Bos taurus (humpless cattle)
and Bos indicus (zebu cattle), although there is no reproductive barrier between
them. Some listings identify as many as 1 000 cattle breeds, even though some of
these are actually local varieties of a breed (Buchanan, 2002). Even so, nearly 35 percent
of dairy cows (about 70 million head) belong to the Holstein-Friesian breed.
The popularity of this breed is largely because of its high average milk production
(Fox, 2008) and superior ability to convert feed into protein (Buchanan, 2002). This
is not an ideal situation from a biodiversity point of view, and widespread use of this
one breed may put some breeds in danger of extinction (Buchanan, 2002).
Cow milk accounted for 83 percent of global milk production in 2010
(FAOSTAT, 2012). Cow milk contains more protein and minerals, especially