Milk-and-Dairy-Products-in-Human-Nutrition-FAO

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Table 7.1 (continued) ASIA AND PACIFIC Country/organization Title (duration) Reference China Milk supplementation trial (April 1999–March 2001) Du et al. (2004) Zhu et al. (2006) Mongolia/Government of Mongolia School milk and nutrition in Gobi Desert (2006–present) CFC, APHCAP and FAO (2008) Target population Girls 10 yrs 5–10 yrs Primary school children Goal/ objective Investigate the effect of milk supplementation in pre-pubertal children on growth and bone health; test whether vitamin D fortification would improve vitamin D status Improve nutrition of children vulnerable to undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies Intervention: strategy and activities Daily milk supplementation provided to girls in primary schools for two years *Nine primary schools matched and randomised *Students receive 200 ml of milk daily *Public–private partnership that supports only domestically produced milk and milk products *Linked to Mongolia milk advertising and education campaign Design: comparison groups and methods Longitudinal, cluster randomised study for intervention efficacy after 3 yr Follow-up longitudinal study after another 3 years after trial in 501 of 698 girls Group 1 – 330 ml of milk fortified with Ca (n=238) Group 2 – 330 ml of milk fortified with cholecalciferol (n=260) Group 3 – control (n=259) Groups 1 & 2 received milk daily for 2 years during the school days Dairy food security project study assessed only coverage and market linkages Level of Inference Results Plausibility *Both milk groups showed significant increases in height (≥0.6%); sitting height (≥0.8%), body weight (≥2.9 %), size-adjusted total body bone mineral content (≥1.2%); and bone mineral density (≥3.2%) compared to control (group 3) *Group 2 with cholecalciferol showed significant changes in bone mineral content and bone mineral density; and improved vitamin D status compared to Group 1, milk without cholecalciferol *Follow-up study found no significant differences in total bone-mineral content or density *Follow-up study showed greater gains in sitting height (0.9±0.3%; P=0.02) Adequacy *200 000 children reached Chapter 7 – Milk and dairy programmes affecting nutrition 305
Table 7.1 (continued) Country/organization Title (duration) Reference Target population Goal/ objective Intervention: strategy and activities Design: comparison groups and methods Level of Inference Results 306 ASIA AND PACIFIC Thailand/Royal Thai Government National School Milk Programme (1983–present) Smitasiri and Chotiboriboon (2003) Viet Nam/Land of Lakes School nutrition programme (2003–2005) Hall et al. (2007) Pre- and primary school children Primary school children Increase domestic smallholder production and milk consumption Improve weight gain and growth in Vietnamese school children *National Milk Drinking Campaign Board established in 1985; free school milk programme and school milk corners *200 mL/child/d for 200 d/y since 1992 to all government-supported preschool centres and to underweight children in public primary schools (Kindergarten–Grade 4) *Large-scale programme supported by USDA commodities in 2075 schools in six provinces of Viet Nam. *For evaluation, intervention group received 30 g wheat flour biscuit (150 kcal) and 200 ml of UHT milk fortified with vitamins A and D (150 kcal) daily during the school period as a snack Nationwide survey with qualitative and quantitative methods by Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University (INMU) A second study by Kasetart University compared health and motor fitness of schoolchildren in Bangkok in milk programme schools compared to non-milk programme schools Group1: students in programme schools Group 2: students non-programme schools Cluster evaluation carried out in one of the programme provinces, Dong Thap in 21 schools Cohort study of 1080 children in grade 1, and cross-sectional study of 400 children in grade 3 Group1: students in programme schools (n=360) Group 2: students nonprogramme schools (n=720) Adequacy INMU study *6 million pre- and primary school children receive milk 230 days per year *Milk consumption increased from 2 litres per capita in 1984 to 23 in 2002 *Energy, protein, calcium, and vitamin B 12 intakes above usual diets; suggested impact on height Kasetart University study *Students in programme-schools taller than students in non-programme schools; no difference in motor fitness Plausibility *Significant differences found for intervention group compared to control in height gain 8.15 cm vs. 7.88 cm, and weight gain 3.19 kg vs. 2.95 kg, respectively *Programme effect on weight but not height upheld after adjusting for other variables *No substitution effects found Milk and dairy products in human nutrition
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MILK dairy products in and human nu
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cover photo credits front: © EADD/
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iv 2.7 Emerging issues and challeng
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vi 5.2 Dairy components 209 5.2.1 M
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viii 9.2 Key trends and emerging is
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x 2.5 Per capita energy intake from
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xii Preface Billions of people arou
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xiv The publication serves a variet
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xvi (Research Assistant Professor,
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xviii Permissions granted by extern
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xx FPCM fat and protein-corrected m
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xxii Contributors Anthony Bennett j
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xxiv from the National University o
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xxvi Award 2010 along with colleagu
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2 Milk and dairy products in human
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11 Chapter 2 Milk availability: Cur
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Chapter 2 - Milk availability: Curr
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Table 2.5 Volume and share of milk
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41 Chapter 3 Milk and dairy product
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Chapter 3 - Milk and dairy product
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Table 3.1 Proximate composition of
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Table 3.2 (continued) Vitamins Ribo
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Table 3.4 Mineral composition in mi
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Table 3.6 (continued) Riboflavin Vi
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103 Chapter 4 Milk and dairy produc
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Chapter 4 - Milk and dairy products
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Table 4.1 Nutrient content of full
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Table 4.2 Contents of selected nutr
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Table 4.4 Summary of recent review
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Table 4.4 (continued) Reference Die
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Annex Table 4.7 Milk and dairy prod
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Table 4.7 (continued) Region and co
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207 Chapter 5 Dairy components, pro
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Chapter 5 - Dairy components, produ
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Annex Table 5.2 EU register of dair
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Table 5.2 (continued) Claim type Ar
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243 Chapter 6 Safety and quality Ma
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Chapter 6 - Safety and quality 245
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