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Milk-and-Dairy-Products-in-Human-Nutrition-FAO

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374<br />

<strong>Milk</strong> <strong>and</strong> dairy products <strong>in</strong> human nutrition<br />

9.3.6 Summ<strong>in</strong>g up<br />

Add<strong>in</strong>g nutrition objectives to dairy-<strong>in</strong>dustry development certa<strong>in</strong>ly <strong>in</strong>troduces<br />

additional complications – new objectives, new measurements, potential conflicts,<br />

more complexity <strong>in</strong> programme design, time needed to confirm results. In an era<br />

when development <strong>in</strong>vestment is <strong>in</strong> short supply, dom<strong>in</strong>ated by emergency fund<strong>in</strong>g<br />

<strong>and</strong> crisis response, this is a challenge not to be taken lightly. But it is not an<br />

impossible task; some projects have already managed to comb<strong>in</strong>e crop or livestock<br />

production with nutrition. Some 870 million people cont<strong>in</strong>ue to be chronically<br />

undernourished <strong>and</strong> a further billion are eat<strong>in</strong>g unbalanced diets, with all of the<br />

associated f<strong>in</strong>ancial costs <strong>and</strong> dim<strong>in</strong>ution of human well-be<strong>in</strong>g. It makes no sense<br />

to act as if agriculture <strong>and</strong> nutrition were separate, <strong>and</strong> this means sett<strong>in</strong>g out to<br />

build programmes that explicitly l<strong>in</strong>k the two – as endorsed by the Zero Hunger<br />

Challenge by the Secretary General of the United Nations.<br />

Disclosure statement<br />

The author declares that no f<strong>in</strong>ancial or other conflict of <strong>in</strong>terest exists <strong>in</strong> relation<br />

to the content of the chapter.<br />

References<br />

Alderman, H. 1987. Cooperative dairy development <strong>in</strong> Karnataka, India: an<br />

assessment. Research Report 64. Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, DC, International Food Policy<br />

Research Institute.<br />

Arimond, M., Hawkes, C., Ruel, M.T., Sifri, Z., Berti, P.R., Leroy, J.L., Low, J.W.,<br />

Brown, L.R. & Frongillo, E.A. 2011. Agricultural <strong>in</strong>terventions <strong>and</strong> nutrition:<br />

lessons from the past <strong>and</strong> new evidence. In <strong>FAO</strong>. Combat<strong>in</strong>g micronutrient<br />

deficiencies: Food-based approaches, by B. Thompson & L. Amoroso, eds. Rome,<br />

<strong>FAO</strong>; Wall<strong>in</strong>gford, UK, CABI.<br />

Ayalew, W., Gebriel, Z.W. & Kassa, H. 1999. Reduc<strong>in</strong>g vitam<strong>in</strong> A deficiency <strong>in</strong><br />

Ethiopia: l<strong>in</strong>kages with a women-focused dairy goat farm<strong>in</strong>g project. Research<br />

Report Series 4. Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, DC, International Center for Research on Women.<br />

Chaddad, F.R. 2007. The evolution of Brazilian dairy cooperatives: A life cycle<br />

approach. Paper presented at the XLV Congresso Da Sober, "Conhecimentos para<br />

Agricultura do Futuro", Londr<strong>in</strong>a, 22–25 July 2007. Brasilia, Sociedade Brasileira de<br />

Economia, Adm<strong>in</strong>istração e Sociologia Rural. Available at: http://www.sober.org.br/<br />

palestra/6/335.pdf. Accessed 30 October 2012.<br />

Delgado, C., Narrod, C. & Tiongco, M. 2003. Policy, technical <strong>and</strong> environmental<br />

determ<strong>in</strong>ants <strong>and</strong> implications of the scal<strong>in</strong>g-up of livestock production <strong>in</strong> four<br />

fast-grow<strong>in</strong>g develop<strong>in</strong>g countries: a synthesis. Wash<strong>in</strong>gton DC, International Food<br />

Policy Research Institute. Available at: http://www.fao.org/WAIRDOCS/LEAD/<br />

X6170E/x6170e00.htm. Accessed 30 October 2012.<br />

Dugdill, B.T. & Morgan, N. 2008. Smallholder dairy<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> the Asia-Pacific region.<br />

In <strong>FAO</strong>. Develop<strong>in</strong>g an Asian regional strategy for susta<strong>in</strong>able smallholder dairy<br />

development. Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of an <strong>FAO</strong>/APHCA/CFC-funded workshop, pp. 6–12.<br />

RAP Publication 2008/08. Bangkok, <strong>FAO</strong> Regional Office for Asia <strong>and</strong> the Pacific.<br />

Available at: http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0281e/i0281e00.htm. Accessed 22<br />

October 2012.

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