Milk-and-Dairy-Products-in-Human-Nutrition-FAO

Table 7.1 (continued)
ASIA AND PACIFIC
Country/organization
Title (duration)
Reference
India/Center for
Micronutrient Research
in India/Johns Hopkins
Bloomberg School of
Public Health
Efficacy of fortified milk
on morbidity
(2002–2004)
Sazawal et al. (2007)
Indonesia/Johns Hopkins
University
Consumption of
iron-fortified milk and
noodles
(1999–2003)
Semba et al. (2010)
Target
population
Goal/ objective
1–3 yrs Evaluate efficacy
of micronutrient
fortified milk
on morbidity
outcomes
(diarrhoea, acute
respiratory illness)
6–59 mo Determine
the level of
risk reduction
for anaemia
associated with
consumption of
iron-fortified milk
and noodles
Intervention:
strategy and activities
Intervention group:
fortified milk with iron
(9.6 mg), zinc (7.8 mg),
selenium (4.2 µg), copper
(0.27 mg), vit A (156 µg),
vit C (40.2 mg), and vit E
(7.5 mg)
*Families participating in
Nutritional Surveillance
System (NSS) of Ministry
of Health and Helen
Keller International
*Child consumption
of milk or noodles in
the previous week and
commercial brand of
product documented
*HemoCue used to
measure haemoglobin
in children
Design:
comparison groups
and methods
Randomised, double-blinded
controlled trial in peri-urban
region of northern India
Intervention group: fortified
milk for one year (n=316)
Control group: non-fortified
milk for one year (n=317)
Observational study using
stratified, multistage cluster
sampling to collect survey
data over 17 rounds; multiple
logistic regression models
used to examine determinants
(fortified milk and noodles) of
child anaemia
4 800 urban households and
1 560 rural households
Level of Inference
Results
Probability
*Odds of days with severe illness
reduced by 15%, incidence of
diarrhoea by 18%, and incidence
of acute lower respiratory illness
by 26%
*Greater benefits observed in
younger children (≤24 mo)
Plausibility
*Children showed significantly
lower risk of anaemia associated
with consumption of fortified
milk in both rural and urban
areas, adjusted OR: 0.76; 95%
CI: 0.72, 0.80 (P