Milk-and-Dairy-Products-in-Human-Nutrition-FAO

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Milk and dairy products in human nutrition
groups compared with the CSB group in terms of recovery from wasting, but not
between the soy- and milk-supplemented groups. The rate of weight gain in the first
two weeks was higher in the milk-supplemented group (2.6 g/kg per day) than in
the soy-supplemented group (2.4 g/kg per day) and CSB group (2.0 g/kg per day),
but statistically different only from the CSB group (P −2) or for a total of eight weeks.
Another more recent study in Malawi did, however, demonstrate significantly
higher recovery rates among severely, acutely malnourished children receiving
RUTF with 25 percent of energy from milk powder compared with those receiving
RUTF with 10 percent milk powder and added soy flour (Oakley et al., 2010). This
randomized, double-blind, controlled trial, ranked at probability level of inference,
was conducted to assess the effectiveness of using locally produced food products
with lower quantities of milk in an effort to lower production costs and expand
availability of the food products.
Two studies in Niger also examined the effectiveness of milk-containing RUTF
on nutrition outcomes, though neither one was designed to isolate the benefits conferred
by the milk powder. The first applied a blanket targeting approach to prevent
severe, acute malnourishment in children of 6–60 months old and with WHZ of
greater than 80 percent of the National Center for Health Statistics median (Isanaka
et al., 2009). Using a cluster, randomized design, and thus receiving a plausibility
ranking, six villages were assigned to be the intervention group (92 g of RUTF providing
500 kcal/day for three months) and six villages as the control. Children were
followed monthly for seven months. In a time-to-event analysis with adjusted hazard
ratios, the RUTF group showed 36 percent lower wasting incidence (P