Educing Information: Interrogation - National Intelligence University

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Educing Information Bibliography
Theresa Dillon
The MITRE Corporation
February 2006
This selected, annotated bibliography accompanies the Intelligence Science
Board Study on Educing Information. It includes the most useful items in
English covering the theory, research and pragmatics of interrogation over
the past 50 years. Deception detection, persuasion, and compliance research
as well as legal and military doctrine are not covered in this bibliography.
Interrogation Best Practices
Biderman, A. D. (1960). “Social Psychological Needs and ‘Involuntary’
Behavior As Illustrated by Compliance in Interrogation.” Sociometry 23
(2), 120-147.
Drawing on a study of former Korean War U.S. Air Force POWs,
Biderman presents a social-psychological framework to explain why
prisoners yield during interrogation, with emphasis on the inability
of most POWs to remain silent during interrogation. Silence is
inconsistent with the prisoners’ need to maintain a viable social role
and positive self-esteem. Also considered are the effects of frustration,
hostility and guilt.
Bowden, M. (2003). “The Dark Art of Interrogation.” The Atlantic Monthly,
October, 51-76. http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200310/bowden
[Accessed 5/8/2006]
Bowden provides an in-depth account of the debate over torture
via case studies and interviews. The author traces the history of
U.S. interrogation and presents best practices as reported by expert
interrogators from Israel’s General Security Service, the New York
Police Department, and the CIA.
Johnson, W. R. (1986). “Tricks of the Trade: Counterintelligence Interrogation.”
The International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 1(2),
103-113.
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