Educing Information: Interrogation - National Intelligence University

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Muraven, M., Tice, D. M., and Baumeister, R. F. (1998). “Self-Control As Limited Resource: Regulatory Depletion Patterns.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74, 774-789. Myers, T., Murphy, D., Smith, S. and Goffard, S. (1966). Experimental Studies of Sensory Deprivation and Social Isolation. HumRRO Technical Report. No. 66-8, x-70. Nadel, L., and Jacobs, W. J. (1998). “Traumatic Memory Is Special.” Current Directions in Psychological Science 7, 154-157. Neisser, U. and Winograd, E. (1988). Remembering Reconsidered: Ecological and Traditional Approaches to the Study of Memory. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press Norton, R. (1970). “The Effects of Acute Sleep Deprivation on Selective Attention.” British Journal of Psychology 61, 157-161. O’Neal, E., Kipnis, D., and Craig, K. (1994). “Effects on the Persuader of Employing a Coercive Influence Technique.” Basic and Applied Social Psychology 15, 225-238. Payne, J.D., Nadel, L., Allen, J.J.B., Thomas, K.G.F. and Jacobs, W.J. (2002). “Stress Increases False Memories.” Memory 10, 1-6. Petty, R. E., and Brock, T. C. (1981). “Thought Disruption and Persuasion: Assessing the Validity of Attitude Change Experiments.” In R. E. Petty, T. M. Ostrom, and T. C. Brock (eds.), Cognitive Responses in Persuasion. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 55-79. Petty, R. E., and Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). Communication and Persuasion: Central and Peripheral Routes to Attitude Change. New York: Springer- Verlag. Pratkanis, A. (1992). “The Cargo Cult Science of Subliminal Persuasion.” Skeptical Inquirer 16, 260-272. Rafaeli, A., and Sutton, R. I. (1991). “Emotional Contrast Strategies as Means of Social Influence: Lessons from Criminal Interrogators and Bill Collectors.” Academy of Management Journal 34, 749-775. Roediger, H. (1996). “Memory Illusions.” Journal of Memory and Language 35, 76-100. Roediger, H.L. and McDermott, K.B. (1995). “Creating False Memories: Remembering Words Not Presented in Lists.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory,& Cognition 21, 803-814. Sanders, R. and Reyher, J. (1969). “Sensory Deprivation and the Enhancement of Hypnotic Susceptibility.” Journal of Abnormal Psychology 74, 375- 381. 41
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Educing Information Interrogation:
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Dr. Margaret A. Hamburg Senior Scie
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The National Defense Intelligence C
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8. Negotiation Theory and Practice:
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Foreword Robert A. Destro* Educing
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that the interrogation of adverse p
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for interrogation. What kinds of
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Commentaries Educing Information: T
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to public execution. This saved the
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of principles and rules to guide th
Page 24 and 25: Educing Information: Interrogation
Page 26 and 27: move, but defecate and urinate on t
Page 28: in Korea and Vietnam. Important les
Page 31 and 32: (SLATT) Program. Dr. Borum is a Boa
Page 33 and 34: Rowe is married to the Study Direct
Page 35 and 36: than “interrogate,” which incre
Page 37 and 38: • Begun to map the relevance of n
Page 39 and 40: The effectiveness of standard inter
Page 41 and 42: complexity of our choices and the n
Page 43 and 44: contemporary experience of other co
Page 45 and 46: that it is widely believed to be th
Page 47 and 48: treatment would have some positive
Page 49 and 50: programs and strategies in the most
Page 51 and 52: information on our adversaries’ p
Page 53 and 54: communications, discourse analysis,
Page 55 and 56: 4,405 published entries. Not surpri
Page 57 and 58: Reciprocity There is a powerful —
Page 59 and 60: using coercive strategies also has
Page 61 and 62: directives. If anything the case ag
Page 63 and 64: VI. Consume Resistance A longstandi
Page 65 and 66: Ketcham, 1994; Roediger and McDermo
Page 67 and 68: • General cognitive slowing (Ding
Page 69 and 70: in non-Western cultures, so there i
Page 71 and 72: References Bartlett, F.C. (1932). R
Page 73: Knowles, E. S., Butler, S., and Lin
Page 78 and 79: 3 Research on Detection of Deceptio
Page 80 and 81: methods are potentially valuable to
Page 82 and 83: negative statements or complaints,
Page 84 and 85: younger and more limited in life ex
Page 86 and 87: in obtaining information. The pract
Page 88 and 89: References 1. Akehurst, L., R. Bull
Page 90 and 91: 28. Raskin, D. C., Kircher, J. C.,
Page 92 and 93: 55. Dulaney, E. F. (1982). “Chang
Page 94: 82. Izard, C. E. (1994). “Innate
Page 97 and 98: methodological means for detecting
Page 99 and 100: The use of the polygraph for securi
Page 101 and 102: and potentially could interfere wit
Page 103 and 104: fixates when it pauses in a particu
Page 105 and 106: Potential Research has not yet esta
Page 107 and 108: the Korean War to release repressed
Page 109 and 110: consuming to emplace properly, and
Page 111 and 112: The differences in experimental des
Page 113 and 114: his government funding. Langleben h
Page 115 and 116: training duration, and inter-traini
Page 117 and 118: detection [emphasis in original]”
Page 119 and 120: References Abe, Nobuhito, Suzuki, M
Page 121 and 122: Elaad, E., and Ben-Shakhar, G. (199
Page 123 and 124: Kozel, F. A., Revell, L. J., Lorber
Page 125 and 126:
Raskin, D. C., and Honts, C. R. (20
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5 KUBARK Counterintelligence Interr
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ests in the nature of two fundament
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not reach the depth required in an
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Qualities of an Effective Interroga
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thoughtful, systematic approach. In
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While the Joint Interrogation Facil
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generally sound tactics from the be
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source pool. The disciplined interr
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undermining the objectivity and acc
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The fundamental objective of an int
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generated inside the interrogatee.
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may be driven by intra- and/or inte
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as the sights and sounds of an outs
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to reliably filter out those indivi
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expressions), vocal cues (e.g., cha
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Second, there is the tactical error
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that it is typical of the other ser
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Alice in Wonderland: The Power of A
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The concept of regression appears t
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In general, direct physical brutali
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een accomplished would the interrog
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himself, and then projects the cont
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The U.S. interrogation effort must
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6 Custodial Interrogations: What We
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While few U.S. jurisdictions requir
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Factors Inhibiting Confession Gisli
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and the suspect’s anxiety to obta
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• Many criminal investigations ca
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are not based on what is objectivel
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almost nonexistent and interrogator
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inconsistent with information from
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Social Events The first type of soc
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and make them more responsive to in
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others within that environment.”
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that it is necessary to ask the que
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Study Country Type ofData Sample Co
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observe and document the interrogat
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2. Gender: Gudjonsson notes that ap
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legal advice. 349 Though not direct
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while unsuccessful interrogations w
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discuss them. 391 Moreover, one can
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learned to observe and interpret hu
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suspect. 426 In addition, the autho
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3. Establish confidence and friendl
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At the closing, Dillon suggests aga
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The Reid Technique text then review
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the suspect “man-to-man” rather
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Step 5 - Procurement and Retention
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Make Submission Tolerable The suspe
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• The Singleness of Purpose • T
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Good Cop/Bad Cop One interrogation
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suggested by Inbau et al., Royal an
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in mind the possibility that the pe
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in the police may be undermined, wh
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to the confession factors. Moreover
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1. Preparation: Agents are urged to
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should also be attentive to signs o
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studies have tested the specific FB
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Once the agents have completed thei
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that indicate deception, and to not
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implemented to ensure that any stat
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or even a seemingly random phone nu
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to know oneself and one’s limits
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educed the scope of coercive questi
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Finally, Sturgeon mentioned that al
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confess at lower rates than those n
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variation for different types of su
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suspicious of an overly friendly in
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1. Whether the Reid Technique and i
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to discuss and exchange techniques,
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Linguistic/Cultural Barriers Words
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field experience) the professional
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Operation ENDURING FREEDOM Language
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Contractors - Prior-Service Militar
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language pool, as advised by the Ho
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words and deeds that individuals or
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using SIM cards, 651 instant messag
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subject-matter experts observe the
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systems approach recognizes interro
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to find a better operational exempl
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Making Sense of Chaos and Ambiguity
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philosophy that advances the follow
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The OODA Loop. Source: Defense and
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Example of Action: The interrogator
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this technology fall far short of t
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Chiefs of Staff and Secretary of St
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This report, then, represents an ef
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The Pareto Curve. Source: Roger Fis
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claimed that a piece of land in the
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negotiation. Standards of legitimac
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that the other party will refuse to
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face or, better yet, improve their
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creatively; they improve the likeli
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Commitments Commit to telling no or
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Neale, M.A., Huber, V.L., and North
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Introduction Any interaction betwee
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first told that A and B have constr
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house, namely, that they want to se
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information, rather than to harm th
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their beliefs about the “illegali
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How and when an interrogator would
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tactic might work if the source wil
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Preparing with Respect to U.S. Inte
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from the past, could be coded and a
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After drilling a small hole in the
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accuracy and/or usefulness of educe
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Venue 3: Experiments with SERE Stud
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Conclusion Experience and lessons l
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This essay presents lessons that th
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Bond, M. (2004). “The Prisoner.
Page 349 and 350:
Russian and Chinese methods and the
Page 351 and 352:
Goldberger, L. (1993). “Sensory D
Page 353 and 354:
McCoy, A. W. (2005). “Cruel Scien
Page 355 and 356:
A psychiatrist chronicles the decli
Page 357 and 358:
Hinkle Jr, L. E. (1963). Notes on t
Page 359 and 360:
Leo, R. A. (1992). “From Coercion
Page 361 and 362:
Krauthammer, C. (2005, 5 December).
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C Camp 020 (MI-5), 318, 249, 254 Ca
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Fear, 11, 24, 25, 29, 33, 36, 68, 6
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L Language (see also Foreign langua
Page 369 and 370:
Positions (see also Perceptual posi
Page 371 and 372:
Strategy, 12, 20, 21, 26-29, 32, 10
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